A JOURNAL FOR MACHINISTS, ENGINEERS, FOUNDERS, BOILER MAKERS, PATTERN MAKERS AND BLACKSMITHS.
VOL. 15, NO. 43. WEEKLY.
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1892.

3.00 per Anum ( SINGLE COPIES 6 CENT)'
COPYRIGHT 1892, BY AMERICAN MACHINIST PUBLISHING COMPANY.
For Sale Everywhere by Newsdealers. ENTERED AT

Taper Rolling Machine.
The accOmpanying illustration is of a ma-chine which has been recently built for pointing round or flat metal bars, springs, screw-drivers, files or other work which is to be pointed or made tapering at the end, its capacity being for work up to 2" wide, and with 8" length of taper. The bar to be tapered is passed in be-tween the roll dies (just before they come into operative position), and passed for-ward until it comes in contact with one of several adjustable stops, each stop being set further back than the preceding one, so as to increase the length of taper, the prin-ciple being the same whether the bar is passed once or several times, the number of passes being governed by the, amount of stock to be reduced. After being passed between the rolls each time, the bar is squeezed sidewise, and shaped as desired by means of a fixed die, or one of a series of dies, placed one above the other in the form of steps, the width and shape of these dies varying so as to produce any required width and shape of taper, all of which is arranged on a slide which moves upon a plate, forming part of the machine frame. The r6lIsttre cut way to receive the dies, which are simply chilled castings set in and hold by keys, and made adjustable with
adapted to hot or cold pressed, square or hexagonal nuts. Small variations in size or shape of blanks, burrs, etc., such as are

POST OFFICE, NEW YORK, AS SECOND CLASS MATTERL) one attendant to care for several In4i s. The hopper or receptacle into w1 °tele, blank nuts are thrown rests upon a ipimarl which is attached to the body of the ni,t_ chine, and is of a height which enabi,., operator without difficulty -I() empty the blanks into it. This hoppe ,--,eptacle is connected with the/flip-bearing chuck by means of a spout or chute, which straightens the nuts as fast as the hopper discharges them. Nuts are only discharged from the hopper when the spout or chute is nearly empty, and this operation, being entirely automatic, always keeps the tap supplied with nuts, and continuously tapping. From the spout the blanks are fed one by oue into the throat of the nut box, where they are held in position until the shuttle or finger places them upon the tap. After the nut is placed on the tap, a hollow plunger starts it, and the nut is led and kept from turning by the nut box, until it has passed over the tap. The plunger is operated by a lever, connected with a cam in such a way that the pressure of the plunger is self-regulating, and it never exerts more power or strain on the tap than is required to start the nut. This is done by a coiled spring, being inserted between two inde-pendent parts of the rod, which connects the lever with the cam from which the plunger derives Its movement, 'Tice I (melon of Ilse spring Is easily inlint41,e(1, ONO the
what with different qualities of blanks, but it has been demonstrated by continuous run-ning that 12,000 to 15,000 half inch hot-
MECIONIN111"1"111$ " •

Width Mid shape of taper, all of which is arranged on a slide which moves upon a plate, forming part of the machine frame. The rolls are cut away to receive the dies, which are simply chilled castings set in and held by keys, and made adjustable w steel set-screws ill Order to prod two U y taper required. The work is performed quietly, and all the ends are tapered ex-actly alike. The machine will taper the blanks as fast as they can be heated and fed to it. The work is uniform, and free from scale or hammer marks, and therefore the necessary ordinarily found upon the blanks, do not -grinding is much reduced. interfere with the action of the machine, but The rolls are of steel, 8" diameter, and 12" the cone pulley drives through the medium between sides; balance wheel is 36" diameter, of a friction ring, held in contact by a spiral 4" face; floor space, 51.x4 feet; height, 4 feet 9"; speed, 90 revolutions ; weight, 4,600 pounds. It is built by the Coulter ,Szi McKenzie Machine Co., Bridgeport, Conn.

NUT-TAPPING MACHINE.
The Cook Automatic Nut-tapping Machine.
For the past year or two, the Capitol Manufacturing Co., of Chicago, Ill., have been developing an automatic nut-tapping machine, based upon the patents of Mr. Frank Cook, who, as previously noted, was, at the time of his death, engaged with the company in experimenting and -perfecting the machine.. This work has gone on with the result that a number of the machines, as shown by the accom-panying engraving, are in use and work-ing with entire success, tapping nuts at a rate heretofore not thought of. The machine is entirely automatic in its operation, requiring only that the hopper, which is upon the column at the rear, shall be kept filled with blanks. It is made in four sizes, the smallest adapted for nuts from TV to #', and the largest for r to 1-i", and larger machines are built to order. The machine is simple in construction and operation, considering the functions which it performs; automatically suspends operations in case it becomes clogged by a had blank, or from any other cause, and is
pressed nuts per day of ten hours is well within the capacity of the No. 2, or r ma-chine, and that the No. 1, or i" machine, easily taps 25,000 cold-pressed A" nuts in
, ,â– Uri 1)â–ºWiT Or Si lilt' I 11â–º I I H. Hitt. This is done 1â–º.y a coilcd spring, being inserted â–ºetwevn two 111(1(.- 1)(11(1(.1a parts of the rod, which connects the lever with 1 he rani Iron) which I he plunger derives ifs movement. The ten ton of the spring is easily adjusted, also Ile movement of the plunger, which has to vary according to the condition of the tap, the plunger following the nut farther down on the tap, when it is worn, than is the case when the tap is new. The nut box, which holds the nut in position and prevents it from turning, is allowed to move freely in any direction, to overcome any unevenness in the size of the nuts, and to permit the nuts to start on the tap, even if the holes are out of center. Just as soon as the plunger has started the nut, the shuttle or finger which takes the nut to the tap withdraws from under the nut, and the plunger follows the nut as far down as necessary, at the same speed as the nut travels over the tap, and withdraws in time to take care of the next nut coming. The movement of the finger is obtained by a lever similar to the one which oper-ates the plunger ; this lever, however, has a positive connection with the cam that gives the plunger its movement ; the fin-ger withdraws independently from the movement of the plunger at given inter-vals, and does not return until the plunger is out of its way, and ready to take the next nut. These movements are regu-lated by adjusting the cam, and are gov-erned by the speed of the machine, and the speed at which the nuts are fed onto the tap. There are always three nuts on the tap, and whenever one nut is dis-charged another one is started. All of these adjustments are easily and quickly made. Provision is made also for preventing the nut from following the finger or shuttle when it withdraws from under it, or from turning the nut endwise when the plunger commences to bear upon it. The hollow plunger is connected by small pipes with the lubricating system, and a steady stream of lubricant passes through over the tap and nuts. The taps, though re-

TAPER ROLLING MACHINE.
spring, the tension upon which is adjust-able, so that it is released before the strain upon a tap becomes excessive. The capacity of the machine varies some-
ten hours. And since there is practically nothing for the operator to do but to keep the hoppers filled, and the taps changed as they become dull, it is an easy matter for

'NEW RE-SAWING MACHINE.
and discharge them beyond ..thetto eauseip belt to shift easily. Height of ma-The lower wheel is kept free from chine, 10 ft. 7 in.; width of machine, 7 ft. 5 accumulations of sawdust by a scraper, and in. ; depth of machine, 6 ft. 5 in. ; weight the upper one by a brush. complete, 7,000 lbs ; diameter of wheels, 60
'the spindle being 2i" diameter, and the bearings 2#" long. The end of the spindle is threaded for face-plates or chucks, and there is a draw-bar which extends through the spindle for holding split chucks which vary in size from A-" to 4-", the rods extend-ing through the spindle, which has a hole through it diameter. The cone has three steps for a 1/.." belt, the smallest step being 3" and the largest 44-" diameter. The flange at the rear end of the cone is drilled and provided with a pin for indexing. The foot-stock spindle is also of steel, hardened and ground, 1" diameter, and with a bearing 5.' long. The lathe swings over the bed 8", and takes between centers 18". The slide rest, which is shown on .page 2, Fig. 4, fits over the sides of the block, on which the T-rest is placed in Fig. 2. It has two circular graduated bases and two slides, the lower one of these being always at right angles to the center line of the lathe, so that a squaring or facing cut can be taken at any time when boring or turn-ing taper without disturb-ing the adjustment of the rest. The various binding arrangements are efficient, operating to hold the parts very securely with very light pressures. The tool holder is an eccentric device by which the tools are readily brought to the center or otherwise adjusted, and it is especially arranged with a view to enabling the tool ,maker ty make his own tools whered the services of a blacksmith or tool dresser are not at command, as is often the case where such lathes are used. The lower drillpti cones or gears. The saw runs between hardened !steel plates filled with dogwood plugs, with the end grain in contact with the saw, and each plate can be accwately adjusted by a single screw. The back of the saw has a bearing 14- inches long on the beveled edge of a conical roller of a special composition, harder than steel. What little wear does occur takes place across the full width of the beveled surface, and therefore does not form grooves, as would be the case with a plain roller. The upper guide is counterbalanced, and is adjustable vertically by a hand-wheel. This hand-wheel, the lever for controlling the feed, the hand-wheel for setting the feed rolls, and the scale showing to what thick-ness they are set, are all readily accessible from the sawyer's usual working position. The upper wheel has a rim of bent ash with sted spokes, and the lower one is a heavy iron casting. The lower wheel being thus much the heavier, it acts as a by-wheel to pre-vent sudden and violent fluctuations of speed, as in starting and stopping, and thus prevents the overrun-ning of the upper wheel, which, being lighter, is capable of following the motion of the lower one without causing the saw to slip or to become slack on the working side. The rims of both wheels come upon a vertical line, which is considerably with-in the outer ends of the bearings, so that the shafts are well supported with-out the necessity for using outside bearings. T h e upper shaft can be angled while in motior. An adjust( ale spring maintains a proper tension on the saw, and renders it much more secure against breakage than the weights, commonly used for this purpose, as the inertia- of weights prevents them from yielding quickly enough when a chip gets between: the saw and tai,sawdust, rim.

RIVETT BENCH LATHE.
The body is a box-shaped casting, in one piece, very strong and rigid, and it can be placed on any good floor without a special fo(lthdation.

inches; driving pulley, 22 to 30 in. d':ameter, as ordered, for an 8-in. belt; spew 450 to 525 turns per minute, accordin- and width of lumber; thielz—
or cross-slide has a move-ment of 4" and the nu, slide 5". At Fig. 5 is shown a block which clamps to the bed in the usual way, thes.,,, upper portion of this block swiveling in a horizontal plane upon a graduated base. The left-haa side of this block as shown jr the engraving is'adapted to receive th(

revolving at a very high rate of speed, and continuously at work, are kept perfectly cool, and the nuts are discharged without percepti-ble heat. All dirt and chips are washed equse the least trouble. revolving chuck, ?Part upwards; the , drops from the ap, and is allowed to shank, through the chuck, _ „Ting the tap. Thus no time is '''''•1 ï¿½ 'iost I y „moving the nuts from the tap, and Cs" this, ogether with the great speed at which 6" the t can be run, gives the large capacity. Th tap-carrying chuck is made of steel, al, and c resists of eight parts only, none of c3=vhich are delicate, liable to break or subject CMo much wear; it is very simple, strong, and C•03 cv-4 L iItindestructible. The tap is held in two nt,. - in the shank, as is shown by the ac-1:k., _,,,, ying cut. The tap holders are wing SIftt 1 ,d, and open and close automatically, aetuak_by cam rollers, operating upon the outside sutices of the winged tap holders or jaws, which: are shaped and act as cams. There arc two , pairs of these tap holders or jaws, one pair â–º lace* above the other; and while the upper pair is open, to allow the nut to pass, 1 he tap is held by the lower pair, and o'er ver8a. This differential movement is scented by running the outside casing of the chuck, which carries the upper jaws and their cam rollers, at a different speed from the stem or body of the chuck, which carries the lower jaws and their cam rollers. The illustration shows plainly the combination of gearing, etc., which give this movement. The lubricant is furnished by a rotary pump connected with the lubricating tank. Two tanks are used ; one from which the pump draws the supply, and the other for the return of it, which latter tank also acts as a settling tank in which chips and sediment accumulate ; no lubricant goes to waste. After the nuts leave the tap they drop into an iron pan with a perforated false bottom, cov-ering a space to receive the lubricant which (I ItliUS f roin the nuts. This drainage chamber is connected with the settling tank, and the lubricant, drained Froin I he nuts is used ap:ain, and the «tik left dry in the iron pan. The lubricant used is cheap and easily made. '1 he chuck is surrounded by a sheet hon casing, I+• 1â–º11.Villit fllIl ( font being throwd, The taps used In these machines, while b. imp: MACHINIST
other, and with a fair bearing, notwithstand-ing any small variations of diameter in shafting which may occur. With this form of coupling, such angles can be used for the dovetails that the clamps release themselves when the set-screws are slacked, and the coupling can then be easily removed. And it is to be noted that there are no parts of the coupling which must be got at from the ends in either tightening or loosening it—the set screws being always accessible in almost any conceivable situa-tion in which a coupling may be placed. The beveled surfaces of the clamps and of the Fig. 40. Fig. 41._Fig. 44. INA _Fig. 43.

COGGING W heels DRIVING IN.
BY JOSEPH HORNER.
When driving in cogs, two extremes have to be avoided—that of too light, and that of too easy fitting. The first is dangerous, be-cause liable to burst the rim, the second is likely to result in subsequent loosening and rattling of the cogs, due to minute shrinkage of the wood, which, however well seasoned it may be, is almost sure to shrink a little in Fig. 42. sleeve are not finished, but are left as they come from the mold, the metal at the center of the length of these surfaces being cut away, as shown in the detached view of the chimp, so that a bearing at each end is as-sured, notwithstanding any small variations of fit which limy occur here. The 1.11!,111:!, 1(11•â–º1(111 fibula 1,11(1 4', giVitH I he coupling tt. neat appearance, pi. or clothing Imil (WHEELS.
Fig. 45. Frig. 46. course of time, unless, indeed, the cogs are sawn out of the plank several months before their actual insertion in place. I will now go carefully through the pro-cess of fitting a cog as it should be done. First, taking the cog as left by the saw, it should he tried momentltrily in its intended mortise, to enable the eye to Judge roughly of Ihe amount necessary to be platted ()II I.() make it lit ; a, few line shavinr4 will be then taken the flanks of the till11111t, I he 4.1.11•141'11 /411W 1111111â–ºi plane being also be made of the equal fitting or other-wise of the cog ; that is, to see that one end is not slacker, and consequently deeper in the mortise, than the other—an error that needs to be corrected if it exists. Then the cog may be driven out, wood planed off where requisite, and tried in again, and care-ful note again made of the fitting. Leaving it there for a moment, let me say a word about the method of driving in and out. Driving in is done with a fitter's ham-mer if the teeth are small, with a slight sledge if they are larger. The cogs are always liable to split down if driven care-lessly. A small proportion will always break, even in the hands of the most care-ful workman. The most frequent fractures occur in line with the faces and ends of the shank. Fig. 40 shows the usual mode of fracture, portions of the sides and one end having been broken off with the hammer. These fractures are caused usually by the hammer blows being allowed to fall near the edges tuld ends, instead of on the central parts, and also in a lesser degree by excessive jar. Hence the hammer blows should never be delivered away from the central parts of the cog, and they should be firm and dead blows, not rebounding and elastic. And the hammer should fall central and flat, never edgewise. These are the secrets of good and kafe driving of cogs. To drive the cogs out, an intermediate block of hard wood is used, end grain on. This is held against the shank of the cog with the left hand, and blows are dealt upon it with the hand hammer held in the right. After the cogs have been fitted and driven in within say from -a" to 4--" of their shout_ ders, the shoulders must be marked care-fully, to be cut with chisel, gouge, or plane. The same shoulders will not correspond with the curvature of the wheel, nor will they measure exactly the same distance from the rim on both edges. Therefore, when the cogs are fitted within about -1" or i" of their shoulders, the edges of the shouldeis are scribed round, parallel on sides and ends with the wheel rim, as at a a. A pair of compasses is used for this purpose, or a compass caliper. The cog is then driven out, usually for the last time, and the shoul-ders cut, the side shoulders with rebate plane, and the ends with a paring gouge.. Avoid undercutting, because that is liable to etittkc the 11'0011 lo (â–º11. driving ; the undercutting Is liable Is, wroth, in fracture

fler the mills lett ve Ille lap 1 he (Ting a space to !revive Hivhi•h dtains from the 4. This drainage chamber ls connected with the settling tank, and the lubricant drained from the nuts is used again, mid the nuts left, dry in the iron pan. The lubricant used is cheap and easily made. The chuck is surrounded by a sheet-iron casing, to prevent the lubricant from being thrown. The taps used in these machines, while be-ing special and patented, are no more expen-sive than ordinary taps. The purchase of a machine carries with it a license to make these taps for shop use, or they can be bought of the manufacturers. Every part of the machine is well propor-tioned and made in the most workmanlike manner, and of best material all bearings are phosphor bronze, and all gears of steel, cut from the solid.
• Barnaby's Compression Coupling.
We present with this an illustration of a new compression coupling, in the design of which the object has been to produce a coupling easy and cheap to produce, easily applied and removed from the shafting, and capable of holding the shaft true and secure. It consists essentially of a clamping sleeve, which may be with or without a key, as shown in the sectional view, according to the duty required, this sleeve being bored to fit the shaft and split longitudinally, as shown, to make it capable of being closed upon the shaft by the action of the clamping pieces, one of which is shown in a separate view, and which engage with a dovetail as shown, upon which they are drawn tight by two set screws in each, these set screws being so placed that their direct action is such as to close the split sleeve tightly upon the shaft, while their indirect action has the same or an additional effect through the medium of the dovetailed clamping pieces, the result being that the clamping action is very powerful. Midway of the length of the sleeve is a transverse slot, which is cored in, its position being shown at the left of the cross-sectional view. This slot allows the two parts of the Sleeve to be clamped upon the two ends of the shaft sections independently of each
an. 1,1 hut are left as they cum,• !rum th). 1)4(11(1, t he 1110,111 fa the center of the length of these surfaces being cut away, as shown in the detached view of the clamp, so that a bearing at each end is as-sured, notwithstanding any small variations of fit which may occur here. The casing, which is formed about the sleeve, gives the coupling a neat appearance, prevents the catching of belts or clothing upon any part of it, and this cylindrical surface, as well as the ends, can be turned up and finished all over with the parts all together and tightened up as in use. This turning with the boring of the sleeve and drilling t4 nd tapping the clamps for set-screws is all the finishing required on the coupling. No arrangements have yet been made for
course of time, un'ess, Indeed, the cogs HIV SILVVII out of the plank several months before their actual insertion in place. I will now go carefully through the pro-cess of fitting a cog as it should be done. First, taking the cog as left by the saw, it should be tried momentarily in its intended mortise, to enable the eye to judge roughly of the amount necessary to be planed off to make it fit ; a few fine shavings will be then taken off the flanks of the shank, to remove the coarser saw marks—a rebate plane being used for the purpose. A rebate is used be-cause it will plane right up to the shoulder. Of course a smoothing plane can be used to remove material lower down the shank away from the shoulder, but it is not worth while changing the planes in the hand for so small

BA ItNABY'S COMPRESSION COUPLING.
regularly manufacturing this coupling, though its designer and patentee, Mr. Chas. W. Barnaby, of Meadville, Pa., expects soon to make such arrangements. •â– â– • The work done for the U. S. government in the way of building heavy lathes for use in making guns, and doing the heavy work in the construction of the cruisers, has so far been in every way creditable to the abil-ity of our machine shops to cope with any-thing required of them. And the ability of the shops in the country to turn out engines, ships and their equipments, cannot fail to be gratifying to Americans. It means the fu-ture ability to turn out heavy work for peaceful purposes such as we have never be-fore possessed.
a face as that afforded by the area of the shank. The cog will be now tried in its mortise again, and driven in as far as it will go with moderate driving only, and then will be driven out again. The dirt in the mortise being transferred to those portions of the shank that fit tightly, will indicate from which parts material has to be planed off, and the keen edge of the mortise will scrape and burr up the wood in places, and afford a further guide to the plane. Note at the same time how the ends of the shank bear against the corresponding portions of the mortise, because if they bear too hard there, they will easily burst out the rim on the hard final driving. They should fit closely at the ends, but not be allowed to exercise much pressure there. Note should
the rim on holt) edges. 'Therefore, when the cogs aie (Mill within about H" or 6" of their shoulders, the edges of the shoulders are scribed round, parallel on sides and vials with the wheel rim, as at a a. A pair of compasses is used for this purpose, or a compass caliper. The cog is then driven out, usually for the last time, and the shoul-ders cut, the side shoulders with rebate plane, and the ends with a paring gouge.. Avoid undercutting, because that is liable to cause the wood to split off during driving ; the undercutting is liable to result in fracture up the lines b b in Fig. 41. A very impOrtant point affecting the fitting of the cogs is that they must not be driven right down to their shoulders at all, until they are driven in finally. If a cog is driven during fitting right down to its shoulder, no matter now tight it is, it will not on the final driving with paint fit tight, but easily,. and will therefore soon after become actu-ally slack. A cog on the occasion of its last trial before driving should still stand with its shoulder about k" away from the rim. It is then taken out, the shark well covered with thick red or white lead paint, and driven in finally. When smeared with the paint, it will go into the shoulder about as easily its it previously went in f " short of the shoulder. This completes the description of the driv-ing in of the cogs. All the points which I have enumerated are important; neglect of any of them will give trouble. I will now describe the principal methods employed for securing the cogs. Almost any one seeing the cogs newly driven into a wheel would probably think that any other means of securing them in place beyond the friction of the shanks in their deep mortises would be quite supererogatory. Such is not the case, however, for cogs do in fact become loose and rattle in their mortises, and this is apt to cause their fracture. Cogs are there-fore always held either with pins or wedges of various forms, as follows: Fig. 42 shows the commonest method of pinning. Clout nails, the ads of which are cut off, are driven in, a a, at each end of the shank within the rim. They enter about 1" or lf" into each end, and afford a good and easily made fastening, which is, in my opinion, as good for all practical purposes as

block as shown jr the engraving is'adapted to receive th(

add here

pg 2 Oct-24, 1892

volving at a very high rate of continuously at work, are kept pe,r. and the nuts are discharged vOd ble heat. All dirt and ch in the accom cause a new flue weld( r, 'y John Herschell, of R. , and was first put, s of that company, where excellent tool and a labor-I. jai r.'letILKI of operation will be .nderstood from the engraving. said that locomotive flues can be
lost by Cr' this. ' led at the rate of 200 per day of ten .11 hours. The machine is adapted to work upon any sizes of flues, being altered in a few moments to suit the different stand-ards. It is said that the hammered weld is superior to any other. In this ma-chine the hammers operate easily and with great rapidity, and when the weld is fin ished the flue is perfectly smooth upon the inner and outer surfaces. There are no lumps or obstructions to interfere with the proper cleaning of the flues. By the use of the tools accompanying the machine, all of the operations, such as inner and outer scarfing, and buttine weld, are performed mechanically. The machine is made by Hetherington Si Berner, Indianapolis, Ind.

Chains, Beams, Slings, Hooks, Ropes, Etc., for Lifting and Handling All Classes of Work in the Foundry.
BY S. BOLLAND.
It is a well-established fact that the found-ry is, ordinarily, run on makeshift princi-ples throughout, but especially so with re-gard to the manner of handling material, whether it be the molds or the finished castings. If this bad featUre worked advantageously either in pro-ducing more, or better work, or both, there might be a modi-cum of excuse for pursuing such a course ; but it does not ; on the contrary, we find that in almost every instance more time is needed to accomplish the work, which, when done, is very evidently far 'whim I in quality. '1'h0 n there Is the incteasud dangcr consequent lin the utlIng
It is not, as a rule, necessary to have a multiplicity of chains for handling the work in any foundry, and this may be proved very easily by a little observation. However plentiful the tackle may be, there is sure to be a favorite set or sets of chains, hooks, etc. , and

NEW FLUE WELDER.
these are in constant demand, whilst the rest are usually neglected and left to rust away in some unused corner of the shop. This should at once suggest the propriety of lim-iting the supply to an adequate number of just such chains, etc., as are best adapted for general purposes. Still, a too strict adherence to the system of making everything subservient to one prin-ciple of handling is to be deprecated, for the simple reason that it will be found very de-
and resting copes on horses provided with bearings for the swivels to turn in; this method can, with profit, be changed in some shops by using the beam and slings, which latter mentioned device is eminently adapted for a wide range of work when properly managed. Fig. I will serve to show several methods of handling loam work, round or rectangular, by the use of a four-armed beam or cross, on which, to favor illustration, are represented three different modes of carrying the molds. The cross seen at A is supposed to be made of cast-iron, and is provided with a steel center eye which works loose in the cross. The cross is strengthened later by a flange extending from the center tc, e limit of the notches for holding the sli i beam hooks, or chains which are set there The plain wrought-iron slings ma ed B, C, D and E are useful for all ordinary lifting when the mold is suspended direct from the cross as shown. They are also excellent ad-juncts to the cross for binding purposes, be-cause there is no particular harm done by leaving them rammed in the curbs, or pit, un-til the mold is cast. The plan of leaving chains, or any other tackle required for gen-eral use in the pit is a reprehensible one, and should be avoided as much as possible. It will be seen that by using the cross these plain slings are equally applicable to square and round molds when the lifting lugs are cast at the middle of the square plate, as seen at F, 0, Hand I. By substituting sling chains like the one shown at Jand J an ordinary beam, similar to the one shown at Fig. 2, may be used, and square or round molds lifted with equal fa-cility, the center lugs F, G, H and I being
One other method remains to be spoken of in this connection which goes to prove what has been previously stated in regard to adopt-ing for every the salve mode of handing. At P P is shown the method of lifting loam molds with the can hooks exclusively, made with chain or long links, as shown. To make the can hook principle as safe as passible, strict attention must be paid to the form of the lugs provided for lifting by. Figs. 4 and 5 will explain more readily than could be done in words how this may be accomplished. At Fig. 4 it will be seen that the lug is made at an angle on the side next the hook; this allows the hook to take a firm grip well up to the root, where it is the strongest, and Fig 5 shows a stop cast on each lug to prevent any possibility of the hook slipping off. It will be quickly perceived that, in order to allow of these hooks being used for the purpose above mentioned, all plates and rings must be made square, no matter what the form of the mold may be. When it is intended that flasks shall be lifted on the same principle, all upper flanges must be formed after the manner shown at Fig. 4, or else provision can be made for ring bolts at such places as will best serve the purpose, and used as shown at Fig. 6. One of the most useful style of chains which can be provided for the foundry is the buckle chain shown at Fig. 7. These may be made of any degree of strength, and con-sist of as many legs as occasion requires. It is safe to say that any foundry lacking such appliances as these will profit considerably by providing themselves with at least two pairs, light and heavy, of just such chains as are shown at Fig. 7; how much time they will save compared with using a plain chain,when a nice adjust-ment is needed, is well known to all who have had any experi-ence in their use, and therefore requires no mention here. Three and four-legged chains, shown at Figs. 8 and 9, are a great convenience for special occasions, and their usefulness is materially augmented by having them made with a turn-buckle like those at Fig. 7. The contemptible practice of th st ing. na ils between the links, for 1

ntligtously clilier clueing or better wfflli, or both, there might be a modi-cum of excuse for pursuing such a course ; but it does not ; on the contrary, we find that in almost every instance more time is needed to accomplish the work, which, when done, is very evidently far behind in quality. Then there is the increased danger consequent on the using of tools which are so badly adapted for the work in hand, which always engenders fear on the part of the workman, thus, in a measure, disqualify-ing him for the work he has undertaken to perform. But the anomaly which stands out most prominently is thamt it invariably takes a longer time and costs more to establish these makeshift methods than would be the case if safe and correct devices were prepared. If the above be true, and " true " it is, there must assured-ly be something wrong some-where; sound judgment, backed by a good practical knowledge of all the requirements, should always suggest safe and relia-ble methods, even if they are more expensive at first cost. In my experience I have seldom met with opposition, from employers, to the best methods being adopted when the case has been properly put. We are reluctantly forced to confess that most, if not all of the makeshift systems in vogue arise from the fact that the man in charge is not equal to the occasion; he does the best he can, no doubt, but that is not good enough. The subjects chosen for illustration in this article offer a wide field for thought and practice, and whilst it may be a settled fact that similar equipments for every foundry are not possible, owing to the different needs to suit special cases, yet'it is safe to say that, in a general way, lifting tackle, with some few modifications, is much the same every-where.
'I if Fig. 10

CHAINS, BEAMS, SLINGS, HOOKS, ROPES, ETC.
sirable, in special cases, to make radical changes in order to obtain the maximum in both quantity and quality of work to be done; experience proves that any departure from fixed methods, which will perhaps less-en first cost as well as facilitate production other ways, is to be commended, even if the tackle made for such special purposes be not required when the job is through. The substitution of hinges for the recog-nized methods of separating sometimes works wonders, and not only saves lifting tackle and time, but enables some of our small founders to accomplish work which, without their aid, would have been far beyond their ca-pacity. The same may be said in regard to other methods, such as lifting by the use of chains - Fig. 16 Fig. 15

used for the round molds, and those at K, L, Hand N provided for the square ones; the flexibility of the chain sling allows of its be-ing passed around the mold to the lifting lug with ease. When the method of single beam and chain slings is adopted, it is advisable to make all lugs on the plates after the manner shown at Fig. 3, and the sling end of the chain should be fashioned to fit the same easy; by this means the grip is always solid, no matter what angle the chain may take when the mold is lifted. In order to make such chains serve for both long and short molds, beam hooks like the one shown at 0, Fig. 1, can be forged, in-to which hooks or slings can be linked to bring the sling chain up to the desired length.
and thcrel'ote requires no mention 11( Three and four-legged chains, shown at Figs. 8 and 9, are a great convenience for special occasions, and their usefulness is materially augmented by having them made with a turn-buckle like those at Fig. 7. The contemptible practice of thrusting nails between the links, for the purpose of adjust. meat, is entirely obviated when these more sensible means are employed. The beam, previously spoken of in reference to its use for loam work, and seen at Fig. 2, can be made to answer very many useful ends, chief of which is the reversing of copes by the aid of slings; the form of sling shown at Fig. 10 is per-haps as useful as any, its main feature being that the lower circle at A is forged to fit the groove of the swivel, the upper cirlce being necessarily large enough to slip over the guard
of the same. Another use for the beam is explained at Fig. 2, which fig_ ure serves to introduce the turnbuckle A in another phase of its usefulness. This entire rig will be seen to consist of hooks, two of which, B and C, take the first hold, any inequality of weight being regulated by the notches in the beam, whilst the buckle A admits of almost instant adjust-ment at that point, making it a very easy matter to lift all irregularly formed molds with the greatest nicety. This class of beam may easily be made of wrought-iron, and because such beams are lighter and safer than cast-iron ones, the pro-priety of making them of the former ma-terial will be apparent. The hole under the beam at D is a noticeable feature, and will be appreciated when any supplementary hitch-ing must be done. It will be well to observe here that the hook shown at 0, Fig. 1, is really a part of this rig, and is very properly called a beam

not

any of the more troublesome fastenings shown in the subsequent figures. Of course when the mortises come against flat arms, as in wheels having arms of tee section or H section, and when they come against vertical arms, no pins can be in-serted within the rim there, because the flat arms or the vertical arms come in the way. Then holes are drilled in the rim in these positions, and pins, Fig. 43, a a a, driven into the shanks through the drilled holes. In wheels with cross arms like that illus-trated in the first article, there are no flat arms to come in the way of the pins, but only verticals, and not all of those, the mortises in some cases coming to right and left of the arms. Sometimes the whole of the pins all round the wheel are inserted in holes drilled in the rim. This, however, is quite unnecessary labor, serving no useful purpose. Sometimes instead of two pins or spikes, a single long pin is driven through the shank from one edge to the other. In that case a hole has to be first bored through the shank, with a nose-bit to take the pin. Another way of fastening is by means of wedges. The easiest to fit are those cut from sheet steel or stout hoop iron. They are tapered in length, and beveled on both edges, Fig. 44, and when driven in, Fig. 45a, tightly afford a very good security. Lastly, wooden wedges, Fig. 46a, are occasionally used. They are, however, troublesome to fit, and are not a whit better, if so good as the steel wedges or the pins.
Metal Flask Pins.
The flask pin, or dowel, which we show herewith, represents one of the efforts being made in the direction of bringing about more accurate work in the foundry. These plates are stamped in a variety of sizes from heavy sheet brass, are exact to size, and hence interchangeable. The projections shown serve as guides in "letting in," and serve the purpose of secur-ing the plate in its place on the flask. We are informed that these plates are received with favor
3
collar a. This opens the small valve which is formed on the end of the stem A, and allows steam to pass through the small holes shown in the main steam valve b, through the interior of this valve to the chamber c, which is connected to the chamber d, from which the steam passes to the lifting tube G. The water, rising, fills the injector, or at least the chamber H H, and finally opens the overflow valve e, and appears at the overflow pipe seen below; to do this, passing through the valve f, which has not been
These injectors taken at random from regular stock, and without any adjustment whaf are found to work well under widely differing conditions of steam press-ures and temperature of water. They have been used with satisfaction on some of the new compound locomotives in which the regular pressure is 180 to 190 pounds, and in one instance an injector was working satis-factorily where it was found that the steam gauge had gone " off," and the real pressure carried was 216 pounds instead of 190,tas supposed. On the new steamer, " El Norte," whose engines we have illustrated, one of them is employed for feeding the donkey boiler, and lifts the water 17 feet, and through 10 feet of horizontal pipe, discharging it vertically 10 feet to the boiler, which carries 165 pounds of steam. The injectors are made in 13 sizes by the Hayden & Derby Manufacturing Company, 111 Liberty street, New York City.

METAL FLASK PINS.
closed by the slight movement given the lever. When the water appears at the overflow, the lever is drawn steadily back until the valve f is closed, this, at the same time, opening the steam valve b, and thus ad-mitting water to the forcing tube I. At the center of the length of the lifting tube G there is a chamber g, which has some openings in it through which the water can flow. The area of these openings is care-fully adapted to the capacity of the forcing tube, and their effect is to greatly increase the effective range of the instrument. At low steam pressures, for instance, more water will be lifted than can be forced to the boiler, and these openings allow part of it to flow out and return to the suction. At a medium pressure of steam, water will neither flow in or out of these openings, while at high pressure, water is drawn in through them, thus increasing instead of diminish-ing the amount of water lifted. In other
Novel Measuring of Water Depths.
, Frederick J. Smith, of Trinity College, Oxford, explains a curious way of finding the depth of a piece of water at a distance. " About two years ago," he says, " I wished to know from time to time the rate at which a river was rising after a fall of rain. The river was a considerable distance from the spot where its height swas to be known. By means of the combination of two organ pipes and a telephonic circuit described in the following lines, I have been able to make the required measurement within rather close limits. At the river sta-tion an organ pipe was fixed vertically in an inverted position, so that the water in the river acted as a stopper to the pipe, and the rise or fall of the water determined the note it gave when blown by a small bellows
driven by a very small water-wheei.
•
arrangement when first tested was so placed that the height of water at two places new together might be easily compared. I r A6- that a lad with n average. ev. for 1. 11. sounds was able t6 1 - raj-1.a.ev agree within one-eigh -A au other, while a person -WA an er-al'° jfr adjusted the instrument imm."1:c koly-almost exact agreemenf'"211„ye tot 't -* ()It to be measured was Iggventeeri i title a Mive the

SELF-CLOSING WATER GAUGE. difference of temperature at the two stations would make a small difference in the ob-served heights. For instance, taking a note caused by 250 vibrations per second, a differ-ence of 10 degrees C. between the tempera-ture of the two stations (one not likely to occur) would make a difference of about 0.02 feet in the height—a quantity of no moment - in such a class of measure-ments. The organ pipes were of square section, and made of no to resist the action

These plates are sia in ped in a Varety (â–ºI' sizes from heivy sheet brass, are exact to size, and hence interchangeable. - The projections shown serve as guides in
--ietung in, anti serve ine purpose ing the plate in its place on the flask. We are informed that these plates are received with favor wherever used. The manu-facturers are Timis & Glis-hold, Bound Brook, N. J. A New Double-tube In-jector.
The accompanying illus-tration is of a new injector, which has two tubes, one for lifting and the other for forc-ing water. This of itself is, of course, not new, but the arrangement of the parts in this injector is new, and tends toward neatness of appear-ance, reliability, great range, and the utmost facility for repairs. The most apparent differ-ence between this and other double tube injectors with which we are acquainted is in the fact, that while they have outside connections for operating the different valves, this has none of these; but the two valve stems are in-closed within the casing, as shown, and at-tached rigidly together. In the vertical longitudinal section which we present, A is the lever by which the in-jector is operated, this lever being pivoted at the bottom to the link B, which is itself pivoted to the casing, so that the valve stems which are attached to the cross-bar C can have a rectilinear motion. D is the steam valve stem, and E the overflow valve stem. F is a regulator which is used on the locomotive injector, but is dispensed with as unnecessary for others. In operation, supposing steam to be turned onto the injector through the pipe shown above, the first thing to do is to pull back the lever A a short distance, until the shoulder on the valve stem A strikes the
molitim Kamm', will n. 11111 r 110vv in or out of these openings, while hiih pressure, water • is drawn in through them, thus increasing instead of diminish-
os T-- seeur- mg the amount, water lifted.'
Water deler the e when blown by a small bellows in oilier driven by a very small water-wheel.
rioitat per a in degrees C. butween the tempera, ture 4111e wâ–º statilms (one likcly n•cu•) %V(111111 It difference of liâ–ºâ–ºnt 0,02 wet in tile iteignt -it quantity of no munictit, Iii H, Class The organ pipes were of square section, and made of metal, to resist the action of the water."—Nature. 4.411111â– • -- Self-closing Water Gauge.

pg-3-4 not here, pages sorry not included in book

Cogging Wheels—VII. BY JOSEPH HORNER. MARKING OUT AND WORKING.
The cogs having been all driven in and properly secured, they have to be turned, and pitched out, and worked. These mat-ters will occupy the present paper. The turning is done in a metal-turning lathe, and the wheel is revolved on an iron mandrel just as though it were running upon its own shaft. The slide rest roughing and knife tools are used for roughing down and finishing. The turning can be done also with wood turner's gouges, and with scraping chisels, but the slide rest work is to be pre-ferred. Light cuts only should be taken, be-cause heavy cutting will split out the wood, the grain of which outside the shoulders of the tenons is necessarily rather weak. Dur-ing the driving in of the cogs it is very prob-able that incipient fractures of the wood will have occurred, without becoming visible. At such spots the turning' will probably split off pieces of the wood. If so much is broken off a tooth as to leave insufficient for shaping the tooth, then at this stage the broken tooth should be driven out and another substi-tuted, and the turning afterwards proceeded with. In any case there will be a little burr-ing over of the wood during turning, but not sufficient in amount to damage the cog, provided the feed is not heavy and the wood is sound and free from shakes. The turn-ing, to be accurate, should be done with a template like Fig. 47 A if a spur wheel, and like 48 A if a bevel. The pitch diameter should be marked upon the templates a a, and transferred thence to the wheels, and the pitch circles struck round on the faces of the teeth with a diamond point. If striking lines are required for the centers of the faces and flanks of the teeth (see Fig. 52), those also must be struck round while the wheel is in the lathe. It is then ready for marking out. I think now I had better say nothing for the present about the pitching out of a bevel

Fig. 60. ,Eig .63. COGGING { Wheels or Largr wood Gears }
say briefly that in almost all work of this class the cycloidal form is used, and that the only differences between the teeth in ordi-nary iron and iron-toothed wheels and wooden mortise wheels are these: The teeth on the latter are shorter, thicker, and have no flank clearance. First, they are shorter. If in iron and iron-toothed wheels, the pro-portions of length to' pitch are 35-2- pitch above and below pitch line; in mortise wheels they are i of the pitch above and -A below pitch line. Second, they are thicker, and have no flank clearance. In iron and
Fig. WHEELS.
the dividers to the pitch and mark the cen-ters round, it is in large wheels a tedious process, usually requiring several slight re adjustments of the dividers before the last pitch falls into the one from which the divid-ers started. In large wheels, therefore, the task is facilitated by first dividing the pitch circle into six or eight or a dozen large sub-divisions with large compasses or trammels, and then subdividing these sections with dividers for the pitch. The usual method of obtaining tooth curves is by means of one of the odontograph
Then a thin template of zinc, Fig. 55 A, is made and moved round as required, and the dividers set upon that. Some, to save labor, make a template tooth, Fig. 56 A, after the centers and thick-ness lines have been obtained, and placing that upon the ends of the teeth, in its proper position, scribe round its edges. I do not think this method so accurate as the method of scribing lines with compasses before men-tioned. When the tooth centers and tooth forms have been marked out upon one face of the cogs, or when the pitching out only of the tooth centers has been done, the correspond-ing centers have to be marked upon the op-posite face at precise right angles with them. The centers are squared over in several ways, but the following is an accurate and gener-ally followed method. The lines are first scribed perfectly radial across the ends of several of the teeth at roughly equi-distant positions, say at every 10 or 12 teeth. The lines are scribed either by means of a notched strip, Fig. 57, notched to go down over the rim to rest upon the tooth ends, as in Fig. 58, the lines being scribed along the edge a, or radial lines are marked by the simple geometrical meth-od of intersections from equi-distant points, as in Fig. 59, a a representing the points for the tooth thickness, b b intersections of radii, and e the radial center line drawn through those intersections. These lines are carried over the faces either with a tee square, Fig. 60 A, or by the method of intersection, Fig. 61, taking a base line a across three teeth, to insure greater accuracy. The radii b-b give by their intersections the vertical line c. The squared lines c are then carried over the other ends of the teeth, either with the strip, Fig. 57, or by means of intersections, as in Fig. 59, after which the pitching out of the tooth centers and tooth form is done on the second face. Lastly, lines are scribed over with tee square from end to end of the teeth where the face curves come on the outer diameter. These afford a guide during-the working out. The cogs are cut out mostly with gouge and chisel, the rebate plane being only of service for finishing off the termination of the faces. At tile beginning, the paring

https://antiquemachinery.com/images-AM-1892/American-Machinist-July-1892-pg-2b-Rivett-Lathe-Accosories-in-1882.jpeg

Pg 5 top,
AMERICAN M ACHINIST
hook, because, ordinarily, these hooks would be set in the notches and, hooks B and C slung thereon. The variety of uses to which the turn-buckle, A, can be Alitit, will 'apparent to many who are now making shift to get along by methods which are simply ridiculous, by comparison, on account of their inadaptation to the wotk for which they have been planned, and that have cost, perhaps, more than tools adequate to the work to be done would have cost. A good sling chain may, in many in-stances, be made to do duty for the beam and slings, by the use of a stout oak timber, as seen at A, Fig. 11, the timber to be strengthened at the ends by an iron shoe which allows of link pins being driven in, as seen at B and C. This combination will recommend itself as a time saver fn scores of cases where the object to be reversed is not too heavy to make such a means impractica-ble. Fig. 12 is a change hook, and, as its name implies, is used where material must be pass-ed from one crane to the other without rest-ing the load; its use is so common as to make any description here superfluous; it would be well to observe, however, that inasmuch as men must necessarily be very near during the process of changing, the greatest care should be taken in selecting the stock for as well as the forging of this hook. Sometimes the eyes A and B are close-welded to the body of the hook with the view of augmenting the strength, but it is much handier for use when they are left open, as shown ; therefore, to combine utility with strength, let them be made more massive. Fig. 13 serves to illustrate how all common long chains should be made for the foundry; what is meant by common chains are all such as are composed of two strands of chain attached to a ring, or link, with hooks on the opposite ends ; in other words, like the one shown at Fig. 7, minus the turnbuckles. In all these there should be large links inserted at intervals, into which the hook
•
" eye," or take a " blackwall hitch"; so, be-cause it is easier to order a chain, with a measurable degree of certainty as to its fit-ness, than it is to procure the rope equivalent of the same, the former has become the rule now-a-days. Still this in no sense robs the rope of its merits; they are always useful adjuncts to foundry practice when it is practicable to ob-tain them. The single-spliced sling shown atFig. 17 can be made to serve many useful purposes such as drawing patterns, lifting cores, wood flasks, or anything which re-quires an uneven hitch to be made rapidly. Fig. 18 shows how readily it can be hitched fast to a ring and used for numberless pur-poses, either eud up, and Fig. 19 shows how a pair of light can hooks might be impro-vised at short notice. Fig. 20 illustrates the kind of eye to be used when rings, hooks or slings are to be secured thereon for the parpose of carrying heavy loads. Figs. 21 and 22 represent how to temporarily join two eyes or slings. Fig. 23 will serve to show how handily two or more single slings can be made useful in ways too numerous to mention, and Fig. 24 is a common hitch amongst riggers, its one excellent feature being that it can be made and unmade almost instantly.
The great New York parades, celebrating the discovery of America by Columbps, four
P ti I
m
5
wheel is to be found in ROutgen's ples of Thermodynamics," translated by Prof. N. Jay Du Bois, Ph. D., and published in 1880 by John Wiley & Sons, of New York City, pages 587 to 596. The latter discussion is, however, too mathematical in its method for availability to the ordinary run of me-chanical readers. Moreover, the formulte given are based upon the fact that, in an engine running disconnected under full pressure, there will be in each revolution two points of maximum velocity in the fly-wheel, two points of minimum velocity, and four points at which the driving force equals the resistance of the fly-wheel to the increase of velocity. The consideration of the effect of variation in useful work to be performed is passed by without discussion. Prof. Jamieson's recent treatise on the steam en-gine contains the best discussion of the sub-ject I have yet seen in print, but this does not include the consideration of variation of useful work. The method which I have followed in these articles may be stated briefly—first, to find graphically the point or points of the stroke where the resistance overmasters the driving power ; second, to determine the excess of work of the resistance over that performed by the driving power during the interval of such overmastery; and third, to determine the weight of fly-wheel rim that will at a stated mean velocity perform the excess of
s,

- c
;
crankshaft. It can also be shown anala-gously, that, with connecting rods of finite length (such t are ordinarily used), the rotative effort 6, the crank-pin varies ac-cording to ta different law. As it is not in-tended to give these articles a mathematical character, the discussion`-of the law govern-ing quantitatively the rotative effort on the crank-wrist will not be hereill attempted. I have, however, appended article a table which gives the coefficient of rotative effort for different points of strok,,: the crank angles and connecting rod angles'''for the different piston positions, and the press-ure on the slides for the same piston posi-tions, these data being tabulated for seven different ratios of connecting rod length to crank length. An illustration of the use of this table is given farther on. In the two cases previously discussed, the application of the resistance and of the driv-ing power at any point of the -stroke is always at the same crank angle, the multipli-cation of both these forces, each by the same quantity, does not alter the ratio existing be-tween them, and as, h e, the same result in determining the point the stroke where the resistance overmasters the driving power is obtained without consideration of the crank angle, the latter was omitted, as a useless complication in the graphic method used for those cases. It can be proved, moreover, that, although the spaces passed over respectively by the crank pin and the piston in any in-terval of time vary greatly throughout the stroke, the total work applied to rotation when the valves are driven directly or indirectly by the crankshaft and the work performed by the piston in the same interval of time, less the work of friction of the piston and stuffing box, are equal. The resistance to rotation of the useful work performed, and the fric-tion of the other parts, absorbs all the work delivered by the piston, less the work of the friction of the piston and 14%111111g box. Pronfithese considertitionm, it will be evidentale, in Abe graphic method ma-

chisel and mallet are used to remove the bulk of the wood. As there is risk of the concussion of the blows splitting out the short grain, their direction should be rather diago-nally, and away from the rim outwards in the direction of the line A A, Fig. 62, and as more and more is removed, inclining to parallel. When the bulk of the stuff has been removed the curves of faces and flanks are set in a lit-tle way with paring gouge and chisel, and the edges whitened with chalk or reddened with red lead in oil. The flanks and faces are now worked straight across from one side to the other with paring gouge and chisel, and the setting in and coloring of the curves at the ends prevents risk of the lines being cut un der with the gouge and chisel. A small, thin, narrow straight-edge is used with coloring matter, to test the straightness of the flanks as the work proceeds—a quite essential pre-caution when the cutting is done with gouge and chisel, tools 'which do not possess the initial faculty of guidance possess( d by the plane. The plane, as we see, can only be used for the extreme faces, Fig. 63 A. When the teeth are worked accurately nothing more is done to them except to give them a good oiling with linseed oil with a brush or rag. This imparts a slight hard-ness and a good appearance to the surface. The marking out of bevel wheel cogs necessarily proceeds on different methods. Still there is no more actual difficulty, but only more time required with the latter. Since a bevel wheel is a frustum of a cone the tooth centers, roots, points, flanks, and faces all run in exact planes to the apex A of the cone, Fig. 64. The shapes of the teeth are marked out accordingly on the drawing from which the wheel is Made, and are transferred to the ends of the cogs. I need not go into the details of the operation, but the drawing, Fig. 64, will convey the whole , meaning of the process to the mind of a pat-tern maker. At B there is the sectional form of the tooth, and at C D the forms and di-mensions of their outlines on the large and small diameters respectively are seen pro-jected. The radii are not taken along the semi diameters a b c d, but along the project-ed radii e b, f 4, on lines at right angles with A e. These are then drawn at C D. The thickness of the cogs on the-small diameter is
The small grooved pulley on the arm over which the slack side of the rope passes holds the rope up and causes it to encircle nearly the whole of the driving pulley, making it next to impossible for the rope to slip. It is manufactured by Albert L. Colburn, New Haven, Conn.
Two-spindle Boring and Mortising Machine.

start add 8-12-24

test 8-12-24

gouge, chisel and mallet are used to remove the bulk of the wood. As there is risk of the concussion of the blows splitting out the short grain, their direction should be rather diago-nally, and away from the rim outwards in the direction of the line A A, Fig. 62, and as more and more is removed, inclining to parallel. When the bulk of the stuff has been removed the curves of faces and flanks are set in a lit-tle way with paring gouge and chisel, and the edges whitened with chalk or reddened with red lead in oil. The flanks and faces are now worked straight across from one side to the other with paring gouge and chisel, and the setting in and coloring of the curves at the ends prevents risk of the lines being cut un der with the gouge and chisel. A small, thin, narrow straight-edge is used with coloring matter, to test the straightness of the flanks as the work proceeds—a quite essential pre-caution when the cutting is done with gouge and chisel, tools 'which do not possess the initial faculty of guidance possess( d by the plane. The plane, as we see, can only be used for the extreme faces, Fig. 63 A. When the teeth are worked accurately nothing more is done to them except to give them a good oiling with linseed oil with a brush or rag. This imparts a slight hard-ness and a good appearance to the surface. The marking out of bevel wheel cogs necessarily proceeds on different methods. Still there is no more actual difficulty, but only more time required with the latter. Since a bevel wheel is a frustum of a cone the tooth centers, roots, points, flanks, and faces all run in exact planes to the apex A of the cone, Fig. 64. The shapes of the teeth are marked out accordingly on the drawing from which the wheel is Made, and are transferred to the ends of the cogs. I need not go into the details of the operation, but the drawing, Fig. 64, will convey the whole , meaning of the process to the mind of a pat-tern maker. At B there is the sectional form of the tooth, and at C D the forms and di-mensions of their outlines on the large and small diameters respectively are seen pro-jected. The radii are not taken along the semi diameters a b c d, but along the project-ed radii e b, f 4, on lines at right angles with A e. These are then drawn at C D. The thickness of the cogs on the-small diameter is
The small grooved pulley on the arm over which the slack side of the rope passes holds the rope up and causes it to encircle nearly the whole of the driving pulley, making it next to impossible for the rope to slip. It is manufactured by Albert L. Colburn, New Haven, Conn.
Two-spindle Boring and Mortising Machine.

This machine will bore two holes at once,
between centers. Weight, abo-ut 500 pounds. Either of these machines can be furnished with hand-lever and a treadle. The manu-facturer is P. Pryibil, 498-510 W. 41st street, New York City.
Two firemen who were on the steamer "Alice Blanchard " on a trip to the Yukon River brought back two novel Aleut canoes. The boats are made of rawhide supported by horizontal ribs The only opening is a circular hole in the center large enough for
LETTERS FROM PRACTICAL MEN.
Fly-wheels. Editor American Machinist : In the matter of fly-wheel diameter and weight, I like to apply Matthew Baldwin's old rule in locomotive construction : " Make it about right, and then throw in another ton of iron." With this it is suitable to remember J. A. Fay & Co.'s rule for horse-power to drive wood-working machinery: " A little too much belt power is about enough." ROBERT GRIMSHAW.

SMALL PORTABLE DRILLING MACHINE.
and the line joining the center of the two holes may be at any desired angle to the table, from horizontal, which is the position shown in the engraving, to the vertical, or where one spindle would be vertically over the other. The table can be set 10" below the centers of spindles. It slides .forward and back
a man's body so that he can sit down. A flap of rawhide surrounds the hole, and when the occupant plants himself in the bot-tom of the craft he draws this flap up, fas-tening it tightly around his body under the arms. This makes the boat practically water-tight, and he can paddle along in the rough-est kind of weather without danger of drown-
Why Are Gears Noisy ? Editor American Machinist : In reading " Gascon's Discourses Upon Some Shortcomings in Text-books," by Jarno, I am led to attempt to put a few thoughts of my own on the same subject be-fore the readers of the AMERICAN MACHINIST.

Take any of the text-books that are now published treating upon " Involute Gearing "—all give a theory of constructing the gear 8ooth, and gears so constructed fail to give good practical results. In fact, some will not mesh at all. What the average ma-chinist wants is this gear question discussed in plain, every-day talk. Most writers, in explaining the theory of gearing, use technical terms, which, while probably correct, are understood by but few of the mechanics having, anything to do with gearing. The writer is one of that class who repre-sent the practical side of gearing, and what I shall say will be the result of a long and varied practice. First, I will ask the professors a few ques-tions. Can they tell us what amount of interfer-ence there is in the true involute in a pair of gears, say 3 P 19 and 69 T, and can they tell how to draw the form of teeth for these gears so they will run smoothly and quietly?. Why do gears make a noise ? How should the teeth bear upon each other to prevent a noise ? Which gear is the best and smoothest running—the 144-°, 18°, 20°, or 24° pressure angle, and why ?

pg test

test 8-12-24

MACHINIST If pressure on slides per square inch of piston is desired, use in the above rule the coefficient of pressure on slides, instead of the coefficient of rotative effort. Rule 2.—To find the combined rotative effort per square inch of two or more co-act-ing engines, with cranks set at the same or at different angles. Find the total pressure on each piston at its respective piston position corresponding with the angle through which its crank has rotated from the beginning of the stroke. Multiply this pressure by the coefficient of rotative pressure taken from the table, as directed in Rule 1. Add the products to-gether, and divide the sum by the sum of the areas of the pistons. The quotient will be the rotative effort per square inch exerted simultaneously by all the pistons at their respective positions. Note a.—The table is constructed for both the forward and backward stroke of the en-gine. If rotative effort for backward stroke be desired, the piston position must be taken from the right-hand column of the table. Note b.—If rotative effort for points in-termediate between any two of the piston positions given in the table are desired, it will be sufficiently accurate for the pur-pose of computing fly-wheels, to find the difference between the coefficients corre-sponding to the two piston positions, and add to the lesser or subtract from the greater of the two coefficients such a fraction of this difference as corresponds to the differ-ence of position ; thus, for a point midway between 0.30 and 0.40 of the forward stroke for a connecting rod 4 times the length of the crank, the coefficient of rotative effort for position 0.30 is 0.974, and for position 0.40 it is 1.024. The difference between these coefficients is 0.050, and half this differ-ence is 0.025, which, either subtracted from 1.024 or added to 0.974, gives 0.999. By these rules the rotary effort for the different positions per square inch of the air pressure plus the friction pressure, trans-mitted to the crank Ci, having been obtained, the curve d e f traced through the upper extremities of ordinates erected on the fric-tion line a c, and representing this effort at ciifl'erer positions, was obtained for dia-gram P. Similarly finding the rotative effort per S41111111' 1111'11 1.1)1'.41111'11 of the steam engine pis a case it is necessary to construct reverse diagrams both for the resistance and the driving force, as shown below the stroke line or atmospheric line d k in the air compres-sor diagram, and find the curve of the driv-ing power for that side also. In such a case the area representing the work which the fly-wheel must supply will lie partly above and partly below the stroke line. LETTERS FROM PRACTICAL MEN. Centrifugal Action in Ropes and Belts. Editor American Machinist : The article on " Centrifugal Action in Ropes and Belts," by " M. E.," in the AMERI-CAN MACHINIST for September 17, 1892, gives a good example of the value of plotted curves. The writer has not, however, gone into the problem as far as seems desirable, and his reasoning and results may be im-proved. The phrase, !` absorption of power," which lie uses, is an unfortunate one in this place, as the centrifugal action does not ab-sorb or occasion a loss of power. The ten-sion required in the belt or rope to balance the centrifugal forces does lower the maxi-mum net or effective tension, but the extent Power Curves Double Leodher Belt S,5 =150 lbs, • 93.75 lbs. • 4 W=.25 lbs. Let Sn = the tension on tight side when slip is impending, Let So = the tension on slack side when slip is impending, Let E = net or effective tension, Let w = weight of belt per inch wide and per foot long, Let g = acceleration due to gravity, Let v = velocity of belt in feet per second, dLet C = the ratio determinable by experi-ment. Then the centrifugal tension is w V2 per 9 inch width of belt. Sn w v2 9„ = C (1); Sn -I- So = 2 T. (2) So w v. From these two equations we find: 2 C T — (C —1)w V2 Sn 1 + C 2 T (C — 1 ) V 2 So- (4) 1 + C And from (3) and (4) the net tension E =- Sn—So =2 CY 1 T —w V2) 1 (5) (3) 20 40 60 80 100 Velocity feet per second Power Curves Rope. S = 215 it, 'F 12U its. 55 50 45 5 40 35 hk 80 ,t2, 25 20 p?, 15 104 90 80 70 5 0 o. (9) s to violate lowable tensi f`' ” Tv the origi-this result a (3) Tv = 7 ting by produce Equation Sm (1 + + (C — 1)T112_ 2C . (6) Hence Tv may be greater as v is greater, the tension Sin not being exceeded; and Tv exceeds the quantity Tat slow speeds by C — 1 w e 77x (7) 2C g which is always less than one-half the cen!--• trifugal tension. The net or effective tension obtained is, then, Ev = 2 C — 1 C + 1 (Tv — w v2) [from (5)]. The effective ten-sion is then greater than if no extra tension Tx were imposed by 2 (C — 1) C — 1 C+1 2C tr v2 (C— 1)2 w v2 C (C ± 1) It is to be noted in this case that if the belt is to pull its full resistance when start-ing from rest, the tension will be exceeded on the tight side by the q tity Tx. It is also to be noted that the pressure on the shaft bearings at running speed is less than when standing by double the centrifu-gal- tension, so that the extra tension Tx is more than offset, as far as pressure on the bearings is concerned. By examining the curves drawn below, it will be seen that by means of the extra ten-sion Tx the maximum power from the 1" rope is 17.5 H. P. at about 82 feet per sec-ond, as against 14 H. P. at 67 feet per sec-ond when this tension is not imposed; and similar results are seen in the case of the leather belt. ALBERT KINGSBURY. r About Governors. Editor American Machinist : Not long since I was so fortunate as to be present at a gathering of gentlemen in which the central figure was a lawyer who prided himself on his literary taste and conversa-tional powers. Touching on the wonderful strides of sa-il* ence and invention, he said : "Why, they now have governors which 111.11 be applied to tIn gnu pipes in (â–ºlir howses, which Ilit, supply I Os Ito HIlit Iliâ–º 111111â–º1,cr 4,11 - .. I IAA' A.1 ..111*A. I I I A - 411f1 S
Two-spindle Boring and Mortising Machine.

pg test

test 12-19-24

tes

pg-7 MACHINIST
If pressure on slides per square inch of piston is desired, use in the above rule the coefficient of pressure on slides, instead of the coefficient of rotative effort. Rule 2.—To find the combined rotative effort per square inch of two or more co-act-ing engines, with cranks set at the same or at different angles. Find the total pressure on each piston at its respective piston position corresponding with the angle through which its crank has rotated from the beginning of the stroke. Multiply this pressure by the coefficient of rotative pressure taken from the table, as directed in Rule 1. Add the products to-gether, and divide the sum by the sum of the areas of the pistons. The quotient will be the rotative effort per square inch exerted simultaneously by all the pistons at their respective positions. Note a.—The table is constructed for both the forward and backward stroke of the en-gine. If rotative effort for backward stroke be desired, the piston position must be taken from the right-hand column of the table. Note b.—If rotative effort for points in-termediate between any two of the piston positions given in the table are desired, it will be sufficiently accurate for the pur-pose of computing fly-wheels, to find the difference between the coefficients corre-sponding to the two piston positions, and add to the lesser or subtract from the greater of the two coefficients such a fraction of this difference as corresponds to the differ-ence of position ; thus, for a point midway between 0.30 and 0.40 of the forward stroke for a connecting rod 4 times the length of the crank, the coefficient of rotative effort for position 0.30 is 0.974, and for position 0.40 it is 1.024. The difference between these coefficients is 0.050, and half this differ-ence is 0.025, which, either subtracted from 1.024 or added to 0.974, gives 0.999. By these rules the rotary effort for the different positions per square inch of the air pressure plus the friction pressure, trans-mitted to the crank Ci, having been obtained, the curve d e f traced through the upper extremities of ordinates erected on the fric-tion line a c, and representing this effort at ciifl'erer positions, was obtained for dia-gram P. Similarly finding the rotative effort per S41111111' 1111'11 1.1)1'.41111'11 of the steam engine pis
a case it is necessary to construct reverse diagrams both for the resistance and the driving force, as shown below the stroke line or atmospheric line d k in the air compres-sor diagram, and find the curve of the driv-ing power for that side also. In such a case the area representing the work which the fly-wheel must supply will lie partly above and partly below the stroke line.
LETTERS FROM PRACTICAL MEN.
Centrifugal Action in Ropes and Belts. Editor American Machinist : The article on " Centrifugal Action in Ropes and Belts," by " M. E.," in the AMERI-CAN MACHINIST for September 17, 1892, gives a good example of the value of plotted curves. The writer has not, however, gone into the problem as far as seems desirable, and his reasoning and results may be im-proved. The phrase, !` absorption of power," which lie uses, is an unfortunate one in this place, as the centrifugal action does not ab-sorb or occasion a loss of power. The ten-sion required in the belt or rope to balance the centrifugal forces does lower the maxi-mum net or effective tension, but the extent
Power Curves Double Leodher Belt S,5 =150 lbs, • 93.75 lbs. • 4 W=.25 lbs.

Let Sn = the tension on tight side when slip is impending, Let So = the tension on slack side when slip is impending, Let E = net or effective tension, Let w = weight of belt per inch wide and per foot long, Let g = acceleration due to gravity, Let v = velocity of belt in feet per second, dLet C = the ratio determinable by experi-ment. Then the centrifugal tension is w V2 per 9
inch width of belt. Sn w v2 9„ = C (1); Sn -I- So = 2 T. (2) So w v. From these two equations we find: 2 C T — (C —1)w V2
Sn
1 + C 2 T (C — 1 ) V 2 So- (4) 1 + C And from (3) and (4) the net tension E =- Sn—So =2 CY 1 T —w V2) 1 (5)
(3)

20 40 60 80 100 Velocity feet per second
Power Curves Rope. S = 215 it, 'F 12U its.

55
50
45 5 40 35 hk 80 ,t2, 25 20 p?, 15 104
90 80 70
5
0
o. (9)
s to violate lowable tensi f`' ” Tv the origi-this result a (3)
Tv =

7
ting by produce Equation
Sm (1 + + (C — 1)T112_
2C
. (6)
Hence Tv may be greater as v is greater, the tension Sin not being exceeded; and Tv exceeds the quantity Tat slow speeds by C — 1 w e 77x (7) 2C g which is always less than one-half the cen!--• trifugal tension. The net or effective
tension obtained is, then, Ev = 2 C — 1
C + 1 (Tv — w v2) [from (5)]. The effective ten-sion is then greater than if no extra tension Tx were imposed by 2 (C — 1) C — 1 C+1 2C tr v2 (C— 1)2 w v2 C (C ± 1) It is to be noted in this case that if the belt is to pull its full resistance when start-ing from rest, the tension will be exceeded on the tight side by the q tity Tx. It is also to be noted that the pressure on the shaft bearings at running speed is less than when standing by double the centrifu-gal- tension, so that the extra tension Tx is more than offset, as far as pressure on the bearings is concerned. By examining the curves drawn below, it will be seen that by means of the extra ten-sion Tx the maximum power from the 1" rope is 17.5 H. P. at about 82 feet per sec-ond, as against 14 H. P. at 67 feet per sec-ond when this tension is not imposed; and similar results are seen in the case of the leather belt. ALBERT KINGSBURY.
r
About Governors. Editor American Machinist : Not long since I was so fortunate as to be present at a gathering of gentlemen in which the central figure was a lawyer who prided himself on his literary taste and conversa-tional powers. Touching on the wonderful strides of sa-il* ence and invention, he said : "Why, they now have governors which 111.11 be applied to tIn gnu pipes in (â–ºlir howses, which Ilit, supply I Os Ito HIlit Iliâ–º 111111â–º1,cr 4,11 - ..
I IAA' A.1 ..111*A. I I I A - 411f1
S

" Gear Cogs in wood"

of the tooth, and at C D the forms and di-mensions of their outlines on the large and small diameters respectively are seen pro-jected. The radii are not taken along the semi diameters a b c d, but along the project-ed radii e b, f d, on lines at right angles with A e. These are then drawn at C D. The thickness of the cogs on the-small diameter is obtained by carrying lines from C to the cen-ter e. The centers of the cogs are pitched round on the large diameter C of the wheel just as in the case of a spur; they are carried to the edges at several points and over the faces, and so on to the small ends, by the method of intersecting lines. Then their thickness-es • on both large and small diameters are pricked off to right and left of the pitch points, and the curves of flanks and faces struck with dividers. They are worked through by the same methods as the spur wheel teeth; roughed out with gouge and mallet and finished with paring gouge, chisel and plane, and checked with straight-edge.
Small Portable Drilling Machine.
We present an engraving of the No. 3 Colburn portable drilling machine, with pat-ent power transmitter attached. This size is designed for light work, and will drill holes up to / inch diameter; the power transmitter can be removed by loosen-ing one set-screw not shown in the cut. This machine is not unlike the hand drilling ma-chines found in almost every machine shop. The advantages of power over hand drilling are too well known to be discussed here. In this machine the hand-crank has been removed and a power attachment applied, by which holes can be drilled in any direction or distance from the countershaft, which is shown in the accompanying cut. The spindle has a feed of four inches and the hole in the end is No. 2 Morse taper. The post is 28 inches long, and the radial arm 10 inches long. The clamp- feet open 8 inches between; weight, 35 pounds. The countershaft consists of a socket, which is first secured to the ceiling or any convenient timber by three lag screws, when the yoke containing the driving pulleys is in-serted and fastened by a set-screw.
and the line joining the center of the two holes may be at any desired apgle to the table, from horizontal, which is the position shown in the engraving, to the vertical, or where one spindle would be vertically over the other. The table can be set 10" below the centers of spindles. It slides forward and back against an adjustable stop, and, when or-dered for mortising, sideways also. Mortis-ing is done with a revolving tool, cutting on
It man's body so that he can sit down. A flap of rawhide surrounds the hole, and when the occupant plants himself in the bot-tom of the craft he draws this flap up, fas-tening it tightly around his body under the arms. This makes the boat practically water-tight, and he can paddle along in the rough-est kind of weather without danger of drown-ing. If his craft rolls over all he has to do is to paw the water until he gets his head to the surface again, and the boat, having sta-

TWO-SPIISDLE BORING AND MORTICING MACHINE.
end and side, making a mortise with half-round ends. When only one spindle is to be used, the other can be disconnected from the gearing by loosening a single nut. This should always be done for mortising, as the spindle then runs at a much higher speed than for boring. The spindles and their pinions are of steel, and their bearings are adjustable for wear. Two sizes of this machine are made, as fol-lows : 16" machine, bores holes from 1" to 16" between centers. Weight, about 600 pounds. The 5" machine bores holes from 1" to 5"
tionary ballast, immediately rights herself. Some of them are made with two holes, to accommodate two passengers. The two brought down are the single pattern. They are about fourteen feet long, thirty inches across, and of a like depth. They are very light and can easily be carried about. The owners are going to keep them at Lake Washington. It is said two men came down from Alaska in one some years ago and had been upset on numerous occasions on the way, but they never suffered more serious injury than getting their shoulders wet.—Seattle Post-Intelligencer,

gears so they will run smoothly and quietly ? Why do gears make,a noise ? How should the teeth bear upon each other to prevent a noise ? Which gear is the best and smoothest run-ning—the 14W, 18°, 20°, or 24° pressure angle, and why ? I will try to answer these questions in as simple a way as possible. In regard to the first question, I will say something after I have heard from my learned friends. Why do gears make a noise ? In most cases pinions are drivers, and when the teeth bear harder at points, and the wheel does the same, a very noisy run-ning gear is the result. Or if pinion bears at pitch line, and wheel bears hard at points, you will get the same result. If wheel and pinion bear evenly all the way out to points, you will get a fair run-ning gear. The same result will be obtained when pinion bears at pitch line, and slightly above, and wheel very near the points. When wheel bears all the way to the points, and touches fillets in pinion, it will make a noise. In this case, either the fillet of pin-ion or diameter of gear is too large. To get a perfect running pair of gears, the teeth of pinion and wheel must bear slightly at points, and continually harder towards pitch line. This condition holds good in any pitch or number of teeth. In regard to pressure angle, 14W is the one most commonly used, and it will be hard to suggest another angle to replace it and get as good results. I assert that for 3 1', and finer, it cannot be beaten. The best possible results are attained in both spur and bevel gears by it. In regard to strength for the pitches named it is entirely satisfactory, and gears with 14i° pressure angle will make less noise than gears with greater angle. I admit that there is more friction in 141° than in angles greater, but with the latter there are fewer teeth in contact, and the action is not so far each side of the line of centers. The objection to 20° or 24° is that in case a wheel is driven by a pinion with low num-ber of teeth (and this is usually the case) you will hear a continual thumping as each tooth is brought' into contact.

nch consists essen-

add

sta

start -e10--add 8-10-24 here

end add 8-2024 here

eg"

old

************************************************************************

_*************************************************************8-2-25

pg-7 top

pg-9-top MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST couplers in

45 5 40 35 hk 80 ,t2, 25 20 p?, 15 104 s to violate lowable tensi f`' ” Tv the origi-this result a (3) 7
ting by produce Equation Sm (1 + + (C — 1)T112_
Hence Tv may be greater as v is greater, the tension Sin not being exceeded; and Tv exceeds the quantity Tat slow speeds by C — 1 w e 77x (7) 2C g which is always less than one-half the cen!--• trifugal tension. The net or effective tension obtained is, then, Ev = 2 C — 1
C + 1 (Tv — w v2) [from (5)]. The effective ten-sion is then greater than if no extra tension Tx were imposed by 2 (C — 1) C — 1 C+1 2C tr v2 (C— 1)2 w v2 C (C ± 1) It is to be noted in this case that if the belt is to pull its full resistance when start-ing from rest, the tension will be exceeded on the tight side by the q tity Tx. It is also to be noted that the pressure on the shaft bearings at running speed is less than when standing by double the centrifu-gal- tension, so that the extra tension Tx is more than offset, as far as pressure on the bearings is concerned. By examining the curves drawn below, it will be seen that by means of the extra ten-sion Tx the maximum power from the 1" rope is 17.5 H. P. at about 82 feet per sec-ond, as against 14 H. P. at 67 feet per sec-ond when this tension is not imposed; and similar results are seen in the case of the leather belt. ALBERT KINGSBURY.
About Governors. Editor American Machinist : Not long since I was so fortunate as to be present at a gathering of gentlemen in which the central figure was a lawyer who prided himself on his literary taste and conversa-tional powers. Touching on the wonderful strides of sa-il* ence and invention, he said : "Why, they now have governors which 111.11 be applied to tIn gnu pipes in (►lir howses, which Ilit, supply I Os Ito S ve pooled their issues************************************************

di 11.01 (int positions per square inch of I,Iw air pressure plus the friction pressure, trans-mitted to the crank C,, having been obtained, the curve d e f traced through the upper extremities of ordinates erected on the fric-tion line a c, and representing this effort at different positions, was obtained for dia-gram P. Similarly finding the rotative effort per square inch for each of the steam engine pis-tons, at points simultaneously occupied by them when the compressor piston is success-ively at the points a1 a2 a3, etc., adding these efforts, and multiplying the sum by 0.3164 (this being the pressure above found on the compressor piston per square inch for each pound of pressure exerted on either of the steam pistons), we get the ordinates of opposite combined rotary effort for the two steam pistons, and laying these off through the same points from the friction line a c in diagram R we get the curve of rotative effort opposed to the rotative effort of the com-pressor. These lines of rotative effort cross at w1, which corresponds with the position w in the diagram below it very nearly, as can be seen. But as in the method used we have neglected weight of all but the rims of fly-wheels, the stored-up force in the parts so neglected will more than compensate for this slight discrepancy. The difference between the mean rotative effort of the compressor piston and the com-bined mean rotative effort of the steam pis tons from the point w, to the end of the stroke multiplied into the product of the area of the compressor piston and the distance trav-ersed by the crank-pin to the end of the stroke, after w, is reached, will give the total work to be supplied at each stroke by the fly-wheel after the resisting force overmas-ters the driving force, and when this is ob-tained the weight of the fly-wheel rim is to be computed, as prescribed in the former article. Lastly, it may happen that the point where the driving force overmasters the resistance may not be at the beginning of the stroke, as in the cases I have discussed, and it may oc-cur, also, that this event may occur during one stroke, while the point at which the re-sistance next overmasters the driving force occurs during the opposite stroke, In such
Power Curves Rope. sin = 215 lbs. T.129 lbs. C= 5 W=.322 lbs. Velocity feet per second IN ROPES
CENTRIFUGA.L ACTION
to which it does this is not so simply deter-mined as " M. E." would have us believe. His assumption that the net or effective ten-sion is lowered by the exact amount of the centrifugal tension is unfounded, and is er-roneous, except for a special case, as will be shown. We may prose upon the common as-sumption that, as long as the belt is in con-tact with both pulleys, the sum of the ten-sions in the tight and the slack sides is a con-stant quantity, equal to twice that existing in either side when the two are equal. If the driving pulley be turned until slipping is impending, the tension on the tight side will exceed the original tension, and that on the slack side will fall short of it by an equal amount, and there will then exist between the tensions a ratio depending upon the angle of contact and the coefficient of friction. The difference between the two tensions is the " net " or effective " tension. Now if a portion of each tension, equal on the two sides, is needed to balance the coarifugal forces, the ratio mentioned will Alist be-tween the remaining portions only. In symbols : Let T = the equal initial tensions per inch of width,
BELTS.
If v = o, then the net tension is 2 C — 1 C + 1 T; and for any other speed the amount to be subtracted from this " nominal effective tension " is 2 C — 1 . w v$ Ifthe ratio C C ± 1 g = 3, which is a ratio which may exist with leather belts and iron pulleys, then the co-efficient 2 C — 1 is equal to unity, and the C +1 effective tension is reduced by the amount of the centrifugal tension, w v2. But if C equal any other number, the reduction will be greater or less than w v2, according as C is greater or less than 3. We have values of C in practice as low as 1.6, and as high as 6. Taking the former figure, the reduction is 12 w v2 ; and the latter, 10 w v2 26 g 7 A consideration of some importance is symbolized in Equation (3). Since C is always greater than unity, if T be a fixed quantity the tension Sr, decreases as v in-creases, and So increases by an equal amount, as seen in Equation (4). Evidently if the speed be known, T may be made such as to produce a tension Sn = Sm, the highest al-
l►eling or gentlemen in which the central figure was a lawyer who prided himself on his literary taste and conversa-tional powers. Touching on the wonderful strides of sci-ence and invention, be said : "Why, they now have governors which can be applied to the gas pipes in our houses, and which regu-late the supply of gas to suit the number of burners in use, and its action is identically the same in principle as that of the governor used on steam engines. There you know they have those two balls that hang by arms and revolve rapidly when the engine is in motion. Now they are used to regulate the pressure of steam, and are so arranged that when the pressure is just right the balls re-main in one position, but when it gets too high it pushes a valve and thus raises the balls up, and in so doing expends its surplus energy. In this way the pressure is kept constant and the speed never varies." I listened, but said nothing, and some one asked how it acted when the pressure became too low ? " Oh, you see," he replied, " the balls then have an opposite effect by pressing down OD the steam and increasing its power." A. S. MALLORY. 416 Broadway, Camden, N. J.
Cutting- Cams. Editor American Machinist : I shall be glad if Mr. C. F. Smith can show me how he can cut a cam on his de-vice—illustrated in your issue of October 13th inst—and have the cam come from the machine so that it will oscillate a lever with-out loose spots or " sticks. He will remem-ber, of course, that the roller will (*scribe an arc, and be a part of the time above the center of the cam, and a part below it, and he will see that this necessitates that the said roller cannot work well in a groove that is cut with a tool which operates radially, or at any constant tangent, the whole revolution. A. D. PENTZ.
•41111N1 After a fairly long trial the plan of double-screw—end and end—ferry-boats on the North River • has, so it appears, proved a success. These boats are said to be a little more eco-nomical than side-wheel boats, and in every way more convenient.

finder this head we propose to 11 ',Hirer questions sent us, pertaining to our specialty, correctly, and according to common-sense methods. Every question, to insure any attention, must invari-ably be accompanied by the writer's name and address. If so requested, neither name, correct initials, nor loca-tion will be published.
(194) J. S., Fremont, Ohio, writes : 1. Give me a rule for computing compound gearing for lathes ? A.—See AMERICAN MACHINIST of October 15, 1881. 2. What is pre-release ? A.—In a steam engine, if pre-release means anything it is the con-dition of exhaust brought about by the opening of the exhaust valve before the piston reaches the end of its stroke. 3. What is the British unit of heat ? A.—The quantity of heat which must be imparted to one pound of water of a temperature just above the freezing point to increase its tem-perature one degree Fahrenheit. 4. Can a rail-road machinist go on the road as engineer without other than shop practice ? A.—No. 5. How is malleable iron made ? A.—You will find a brief description of the process in the AMERICAN M ACHIN-IST of August 4, 1883. 6. What are the " proper-ties " of steam ? A.—The properties of steam, so-called, are anything which relate to its conditions, as temperature, density, etc. • (195) In Question 143, 1,3- should be sub-stituted for 3, which would give the height of the triangle 4.7694 feet, and the area
4.7694 X 8 7.1541 feet. 2
The contents would be 7.1541 x 16 9.836 feet. — 12 In last paragraph of Question 152, the product of 104 x 12 2-7 equals 1277.714. (196) A. L., New York, asks : how inany horse-power will a 16" double leather belt running from a 66", at 100 revolutions, to a 44" pulley, trans-mit with safety ? A.—We should say that, if pul-leys are not less than 16 feet apart, such a belt should comfortably transmit about 60 horse-power. (197) J. S. L., Allentown, Pa., writes : We have a 20" double belt running over a 60" pulley, which makes 160 revolutions per minute. This drives a 48" pulley. The belt is perpendicular. What power will it transmit ? A.—You neglect to give the distance apart of the shafts. Vertical belts are not satisfactory in their operations. We should expect that with centers 16 feet apart you could satisfactorily transmit above 60 horse-power. 2. We have a 12" double belt running over a 54" pulley, at 200 revolutions per minute, to a 32" pulley. How many horse-power will this transmit? A.—We understand the belt to be horizontal, in which case, if the centers are as far apart as in the seceding instance, this belt ought to transmit 70 , „ -)t^ ,198) "I. B., Brooklyn, N. Y., asks : What ,ze boat. ;ill a 4"x5" engine drive at a speed of nili-6 miles per hour ? A.—Such an engine will be right for a boat about 30 feet long and 6 feet beam, but the arrangement will have to be good to get a speed of utile mites,

USII1ESS

pg-8 bot

MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST

MAY 8, 1886 _AMERICiA_ MACHINIST

pg 10 [MAY 8, 1886
Machinists' Supplies and Iron.
NEw YORK, April 22, 1886. Business is dull. The demand has been almost entirely of a retail character, and buyers are con-servative, and unwilling to increase thefrstock_be-yond present need. Iron—In American pig the week's business has been very unsatisfactory. No. 1 X, Foundry, at tide water, $17.00 to $17.50; Standard, Lehigh and North River, $18.00 to $19.00 ; Grey Forge, $16.00 to $16.50. Scotch Pig—Quiet and steady. Coltness, $20.25 to $20.50; Glengarnock, $19.50 ; Gartsherrie, $19.50 to $20.00 ; Summerlee, $20.25. Lead—Market demoralized at 4.60c.
*WANTED
" Situation and Help" Advertisements, 30 cents a line for each insertion under this head. About seven words make a line. Copy should be sent to reach us not later than Wednesday morning for the ensuing week's issue.
Wanted—Situation by first-class machinist, on vise, lathe and planer. Address J. A. D., Am. MA-CHINIST. Situation by Al draftsman ; wide experience ; posted in all details of shop and office work. Ad-dress Chicago, Au. MACHINIST. Wanted—A position as foreman boiler maker. Can furnish the best of reference as to character and ability. Address, R. C. R., AMERICAN MACHINIST. Wanted—A competent man to manufacture ful-minate of met'cury and load cartridge primers. State age, experience, etc., with expectations. Address, box 7, AMERICAN MACHINIST. Situation wanted by a first-class machinist and tool-makes ; understands thoroughly the charge of men ; a good draftsman. Address F., Am. MA-CHINIST. Wanted—An experienced machinery salesman ; must have a thorough knoWledge of all classes of mining machinery, and a large acquaintance throughout the mining districts of the West ; one who can put some money into the concern pre-ferred. Address L., AM. MACHINIST. Wanted—Superintendent for a large and pros-perous machine works (located in a large western city) manufacturing engines, boilers and mining machinery. Must be able to invest several thous-and dollars as we wish him to be identified with the concern. Address, giving experience and refer-ences, W M., AMERICAN MACHINIST. Wanted—Superintending Mechanical Engineer to take charge of the Canadian Locomotive and Engine Co.'s Works, at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Must be competent to undertake the construction of locomo-tive, stationary, marine, pumping, hoisting engines, etc., etc., in fact, all the work of a general engineer-ing establishment. Apply, stating age, experience, references. and salary wanted, to Wm. Harty, Managing Director.
+ MISCELLANEOUS WANTS . Advertisements will be inserted under this head at 35 cents per line, each insertion.
The Crescent Steel Tube Scraper is lilt, Cros-(lout Mfg. Co., Cl►voland, Ohio. Light miLeil'y of id! Iclodm II l'on-nIngton& Mills, M at ,.11,1'fil,y CILy Ilelg ts, N. .1. Mffis I for mill to BRADLEY'S u;SRIII:EilD46THE DEANE STEAM PUMP CO. HOLYOKE, MASS. HELVE BUILD HAMMER 1110:11 WORE: ENGINES

Combines all the best elements es• sential in a first-class Hammer. Has more good points, does more and better work and costs less for re-pairs than
any o.lier Hammer in the World.
BRADLEY& CO. Syracuse, N.Y.

STERM PUMPING Send for Catalogue No. 18. MACHINERY.
THE BROWN HAMMER STRIKES A BLOW WITH DOUBLE THE VELOCITY That it Rains The Hammel% A NEW MOVEMENT 1 SEND FOR DESCRIPTION. KNOWLTON MFG. CO., King St., Rockford, 111.
BEAUDRY'SUPR!CHI CUSHIONED

„ By far the Best. Blow Accurate. Powerful and Elastic
Will Inerease the _ - - ..- Profits of any Shop. - 13 11....A.I.T1)1ZY &Z CUNNING-BOSrON. MASSACHUSETTS.
W JOHNS IttitESTOS.
Roofing, Building Felt, Steam Packings, Boiler Coverings, Fire Proof Paints, Cements, Etc. Samples and Descriptive Price Lists Free. H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO., 87 MAIDEN LANE, N. Y. 175 Randolph St., Chicago; 170 N. 4th St., P iladelph'z..

HE DUPLEX INJECTOR
THE BEST BOILER FEEDER K NO WN Not, Ilahin •to put Mit 01 ...•. ••-• • ....
Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine OVER 5,000 IN USE
For lifting water to upper floors of buildings, city or country. Arranged to burn either Coal, Gas, Wood or Gasoline Gas. 1\■o boiler I No steam 1 No engineer Absolutely safe C. H. DELAY' A9P-1ER, ' CO., ( Delamater Iron Works) Warerooms : 16 CorfZandt St., N. Y.
THE M. T. DAVIDSON IMPROVED STEAM PUMP
MANUFACTURED BY
Regular Pump.DAVIDSON STEAM PUMP COMPANY.
W A RPIEN " I) BEST PUMP MADE FOR ALL SITUATIONS.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE, No. 77 LIBERTY STREET, N. Y.
NEW ENGLAND OFFICE, 51 OLIVER STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
\ GUILD & GARRISON, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
STEAM PUMPS, VACUUM PUMPS, AIR COMPRESSORS. NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. *

**********************************************************

who (101 itoitt.►it ierrod. Address L., Am. M N 1ST. Wanted—Superintendent for a large and pros-perous machine works (located in a large western city) manufacturing engines, boilers and mining machinery. Must be able to invest several thous-and dollars as we wish him to be identified with the concern. Address, giving experience and refer-ences, W M., AMERICAN MACHINIST. Wanted—Superintending Mechanical Engineer to take charge of the Canadian Locomotive and Engine Co.'s Works, at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Must be competent to undertake the construction of locomo-tive, stationary, marine, pumping, hoisting engines, etc., etc., in fact, all the work of a general engineer-ing establishment. Apply, stating age, experience, references. and salary wanted, to Wm. Harty, Managing Director.
.1• MISCELLANEOUS WAVY'S .1. Advertisements will be inserted under this head at 35 cents per line, each insertion.
The Crescent Steel Tube Scraper is king. Cres-cent Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Light mach'y of all kinds built at short notice. Pen-nington & Mills, 8 Dey st., Jersey City Heights, N. J. Son i for estimates of high-speed compound en-gines for stationary and marine service. Crist Engine Works, 140 Baxter street, N. Y. Useful information steam users and engineers 100 page book on care, etc., of boilers. Send 25 cents in stamps. J. N. Mills Pub. Co., 30 Vesey st., N. Y. Special tools and machines for mfg. designed and built to order ; mechanical and Patent Office draw-ings. Weston & Smith, Syracuse, N. Y. Tabor indicators ; one pair in box, with full set of springs ; • all in good order ; will be sold for $100 cash. Address B., Box 99, An. MACHINIST. Boiler shop needed in a manufacturing town in New York State ; excellent opportunity for a live man ; advertiser willing to aid in securing orders. Address Box 8, An. MACHINIST. For Sale Cheap—One new 15y,x10 ft. bead back-geared screw-cutting lathe, power cross-feed, 11-16 hole through spindle, Jones & Lamson make. Ad-dress Box 421, Mount Holly, N. J. For Sale—Book giving the wheels for cutting screws on any lathe, single or compound gearing. Price, 50 cents. D. J. Mallory, P. 0. box 29, Dayton, Campbell Co., Ky. For Sale—One new 20.1 swing 12-foot bed engine lathe. One new 13 " Merriman bolt cutter. Full description on application. Address, box 886, New Haven, Conn. M. Martin, manufacturer, P. 0. Box 285, New Brunswick, N. J., will contract for the manufacture of articles in brass and other metals (stamped or turned), and dies and tools for making same ; also patent novelties, electrical inventions, special ma-chinery castings, etc.; estimates cheerfully given.
FOR SALE.
A Well-known Machine Shop in a Mantitateturilvr City, N EAR BOSTON. Capacity, 30 "'lianas. Now MAKING MON I.Y. Death causes sale. Address, 1+:71:Er TAMIL, care Am. Machinist.

Ily far the Hest. Blow Accurate. Powerful and Elastic
0 Will Increase the = Profits of any Shop. 13 .11.:A.I.T13R-Y & CUNNI1VGI-IAM, BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS.
We JOHNS TARSABDEESTORSx Roofing, Building Felt, Steam Packings, Boiler Coverings, Fire Proof Paints, Cements, Etc. Samples and Descriptive Price Lists Free. H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO., 87 MAIDEN LANE, N. Y. 175 Randolph St., Chicago; 170 N. 4th St., P iladelph`z.

THE DUPLEX INJECTiR THE BEST BOILER FEEDER KNOWN, Not liable to get out of order. Will lift water 25 feet. Always delivers water hot to the boiler. Will start when it is hot. Will feed water through a pg 9

heater 41 Dey Street, New lock.
FINE BUSINESS OPENING
For a Practical Machinist with a specialty to manufacture, together with g' neral jobbing business. We have a well equipped Machine Shop, with tools and power to lease. Our large foundry adjoining can be rentea if desired, with a fair business assured. One year's rent and probably more could be paid in machine work. Some financial aid given if necessary, to responsible parties with moderate capital. Good references required. HARRIS MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt.
ANNOUNCEMENT !
We have just issued a new and very complete 111u8- trated Cafceloyue, which we will be pleased to snail to our patrons and others on application: KNOWLES STEAM PUMP WORKS, 93 Liberty Street, New York, 44 Washington Street, Boston.

Itegular Pump.
TVA
Solid Steel Drawing Tacks, by mail cts. per dozen, also manufacturers of steel, iron and brass. Set and Machine Screws. Small Routine articles of every description. HENRY & =SW, 81 Pine St., New Haven, Conn.
VACUUM PUMPS, AIR COMPRESSORS. N (1.1'1',1 14;/ )11,
FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.
A well established and good paying machine she and foundry, including buildings, lots, machiner and stock, situated in Leadville, Col. The bus - Write ness will be carried on until sold, thus at once i for giving a profitable trade to the purchaser. Address, I Illustrat-A. FALKENAU, ed Care of Dickson Mfg. Co., I Circular. Scranton, Pa. --Only reason for selling, ill health. Pat. Sept. 25, 188:3.
EMERY-WHEEL TOOL Four Sizes.
Guaranteed Satisfactory

GRINDER. SPRINGFIELD GLUE & EMERY WHEEL CO., Springfleld,Mato
DRAWING INSTRUMENTSI
Send for 72-Page ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.
WM. T. COMSTOCK, 6 Astor Place, New York.

CITIARS RED AND BROWN. For painting. ROOFS, I, AMORY and FARM BUILD-INGS. FENCES, IRON WORK, EXPOSED BRICK WALLS, &c. made of Pure Linseed Oil and highest grades of Iron Oxide. Send for liAreulaEr. Address W. . STWART, 74 (1°14-Intuit street, New York. READY ROOFING, for now roofs.
ON THE
CARE OF BOILERS. THE FIREMAN'S GUIDE. A hand-book on the
Care of Boilers. Translated and revised by KARL P. DAHLSTROM. Third edition, live, cloth. PRICE, FIFTY CENTS, POST-PAID. E. ac F. N. SPON, 35 Murray St., New York, Publishers of Mechanical Books.
..p-,ters of td-ribu-7.0 0 U1 I );
COOKE & CO
•9 Dealers in Machinery and Supplies
22 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK, Agent, for McDANIEL'S SUCTION FITTING For Correcting Poor Circulation in Steam Pipes. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.

Write for Prices and Mention this Paper
JOINERY SECOND-HAND, FOR SALE
One 36"x38"x12' POND PLANER. One 20"x 10' LINCOLN LATHE. One 16"x 6' STAB. LATHE.
One 23"x 8' NEW HAVEN LATHE. One 1,1"x 5' s'I'A It 14411•11E. 2 NEW OPEN DIE RIVET MACHINES.
THE HENDEY MACHINE COMM TORRINGTON, CONN. (
BEST CRATE BAR EVER INVENTED. • o °0°00°0°0 Oco (:)o o o 00

0_00_0 20 „,0 0 0 u0 0 '-'00c`-:00('-;00(:;-'0 00'00(`-;

0
THIS BAR was fully illustrated and de-scribed in the Amerig,e_ .;slachinist bear-ing date March 27, 1818,, For Pull Particulars and ,,to make it, Address JOHN G. isv °on & CO., 56 West Market Street, 7e, Pa.

ANIMMINIM111.1:.
BETTS MACHINE ,44. WILMINGTON, 1 MAKERS OF
:Metal. working Macklin,
F f3UP Pt (DR. Q. TT V-17 '`vr FOR USE IN

Nif

AIM
FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.
A well established andgood paying machine shop and foundry, including buildings, lots, machinery and stock, situated in Leadville, Col. The busy-ness will be carried on until sold, thus at once giving a profitable trade to the purchaser. Address, A. FALKENAU, Care of Dickson Mfg. Co., Scranton, Pa. Only reason for selling, ill health.
1.11111146
Send for 72-Pagt, ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.
WM. T. COMSTOCK , Aolor - New liorli•
EMERY-WHEEL TOOL GRINDER.
Four Sizes.
Guaranteed Satisfactory

SPRINGFIELD GLUE & EMERY WHEEL CO., Springfleld,Mas4 ters of diribu---. F1 o „, c,f, ,.., ,„,
Write for Illustrat-ed Circular. Pat. Sept. 25, 1883.

111

& <

pg-11,top

pg-11-top MAY 8, 1886
MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST
pg-11
NICHOLSON FILE CO.,
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF
FILES AND RASPS
HAVING THE INCREMENT CUT. Also, FILERS' TOOLS AND SPECIALTIES. Nicholson Idle Co.'s Files and hasps, " Double Ender" Saw Files, " Slim "Saw Files, " Racer " Itasps. Ilandb.d Ilifllers Machinists' Scrapers, File Brushes, File Cards, Surface File Holders, Yise File dolders, Stub Files and folders, lmproled But chers' Steels. Manufactory and Cflico at PROVIDENCE, R. I., U. S. A.
THE hmiCOCK INSPIRATOR. THE STANDARD
BOILER FEEDER FOR ALL CLASSES OF BOILERS. OVER 75,000 IN USE. Send for Circulars and Price Lists. THE HANCOCK INSPIRATOR .,
OFFICE, 33 INDIA WHARF, BOSTON, MASS.
HE NEW `: CRESHAM" T Automatic PATENT Re-Starting INJECTOR

" Invaluable for use in T action, Farm, Portable Ma-rine and Stationary Boile of all kinds. No handles required. Water supply v y difficult ta break. Capa-c:) (t1 bility of restarting automatically immediately after in-terruption to feed from any cause."
a"-Send for Catalogue. Reliable and Cheap.
Sole Manufacturers in the United States and Canada, NATHAN MANUFACTURING CO. Nos. 92 and 94 Liberty Street, New York.
3Cstablished. In 1874.

CLEVELAND TWIST DRILL CO. Force Blast Rotary Blower
24 and 26 Wes Street, Cleveland, 0. 191 Chambers Street, New York. 85 Queen Victoria St., London, Eng.
I NDICATOR1 PRACTICE
4irthrn rri tv:rtri ErsainftrvIti
REDUCED PRICES OF LECOUNT'Sce STRAIGHT TAIL DOG. No. INCH. PRICE. No. INCH. PRICE 1 % $0.60 $1.35 2 .70 1.45 3 1 .70 12... 3 .... 1.60 .80 1.80 5 1V4.... .80 14....4 .... 2.10 6 13X4.... .95 2.75 7 14.... .95 16....5 ... 3.25 8 1.10 4.10 o53 3 9 2 .... 1.20 18....6 .... 5.00 1 Set to 2 in. 7.80 Full Set ....MAO

C. W.
South Norwalk, Coml.. ITALIA

BIER PISTON PUMP
laurable, Mfficien.t. HALL STEAM PUMP Co., 91 LIBERTY ST., NEW YORK.
The only Reamer goat rr iii kerp ilea size. and atm ays make a straight hole. As easily sharpened as a Lathe Tool. Syracuse Twist Drill Co., TITIF: CANNON C !TUC I( TIVGIIFLI WEIE SYRACUSE, N. Y.

WAT A. SPECIALTY. IVICI_A_11-19(.. Lill POND ENGINEERING CO. Cor'sp'd'ce
CHIME OF
and Supplies sent free to any address on receipt of ten cents in stamps (for postage). Chas. A. Strelenger & Co ,Wood Ave., Detroit, Mich.
Mrs, Inauguration of the New Series. 1886. Thirteenth. 1886.
CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION,
Opens Sept. 1st. Closes Oct. 9th. 'nu! n►ard o1 Coillmissioners proposc to in:ilce 1/s //u 71 Nymlem, 'Else le.•prementative Exhitotimi DA III-.1.,,try am' .1 r1. Manufacturos Art Inventions Products.

No. 0. GRINDING MACHINE, FOR LIGHT WORK, TOOL GRIND-
ING, ETC. TAKES EMERY WHEEL TO 12 IN. IN DIAM-ETER. 3%" ARBOR,

AND PEDESTAL ON WHICH TO MOUNT ANY OF OUR SMALLER GRINDING MA-CHINES IN ABSENCE OF BENCH ORDI-NARILY USED.
0 m 0 0 3 r•
St:BASTIAN, MAY Improvod Screw Cutting
root or Power Lathes
****************************************************************************************

1' anlotnntIcally Inimpdhitoly iinor , l'crd frov. iy cause.
if-Send for Catalogue. Reliable and Cheap.
Sole Manufacturers in the United States and Canada,
NATHAN MANUFACTURING CO. Nos. 92 and 94 Liberty Street, New York.
94 and 26 Wes,;. Street, Cleveland, 0. 191 Chambers Street, New York. 85 Queen Victoria St., London, Eng.
lEt Co 400 'Jr S Force Blast Rotary Blower FOR FOUNDRIES, SMITH SHOPS, PNEUMATIC TUBES, VENTILATION, ETC.
SLOW SPEED, POSITIVEBLAST, PERFECTLY BALANCED, Best Mechanical Construction. P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Manufacturers, CON N EILS V I 1.1,E, S. S. TONE% Gen, AO, 22 Cortlaildt St, COOKE & CO., Selling Aglis, YEW YORE,
In Writing, Please Mention Th is Paper.
INVENTono and MANUFACTUIZERS, Writo for largo pam-phIPI conlaininw I'. S. PATENTsOFFICE nULEO of Practice. F.B.Brock. solicitor of .washingtim, P.(1
INDICATOR PRACTICE Oteaffi Engige Economg
By F. F. HEMENWAY. CONTAINS plain directions for using the indica-tor, and making all required calculations from the diagram ; also the principles of economy in operating steam engines. and current practice in testing engines and boilers. Table of Contents mailed on application. PRICE $2.00, Post Paid. FOR SALE BY JOAN WILILY & SONS, I i Astor Place. New York.
SPEED INDICATORS.
These little Pocket indi-cators are ac-curate and re-liable and should be found in every mill and manufactory, and every machinist and millwright should have one. Sent post paid, on receipt of price, $1.00. R. WOODMAN, 169 High St., Boston.

6i7.e. Pat. 18 Sept. 1. 76.

Grinding Fiachine No. 3. Price, $17.50. two Wheels 9 inches Diameter. wi,
"IDIALIVICONI) EMERY WHEEL
9 Grinding, Polishing and Buffing ACIIINEI Y, Using Wheels in size from 6 to 42" diameter. Largest variety manufactured under one Company.
Send for Illustrated Catalogue.
Diamond Emery Wheel & Machine Co., 22 WARREN ST., NEW YORK. J. A. MAcKINNON, MANAGER.
teteetting ir". WHY THIS IS PUT HERE!
, 198) ., i , ,- irested,,; ,y steam a raisin:; iismi n4, prover, water orwish tot oo other ' --i. I i C For the reason that it you are NEw onsomETER ze 1,,osit „.1.Vattention to the " ti ,A,HE CHEAPEST AND BEST W.' M PUltr,r IN 111 , '''',ES LOWER THAN ANY OTHER, Ili, More Efficient, Simple, Durable, and more Econc ,l, both as to running expenses and repairs, than arty..othq t. "-mp. Call or write for our new so pig, Illustrated Des', 1ptive.yook COutaim. ... attietilars,Redueed Net Prices, and hundreds of A-1 Testimonials. Mailed Free. .... '''s
• ■••••■•
CINCINNATI
INDUSTRIAL
EXPOSITION,
Opens Sept. 1st. Closes Oct. 9117. The Board of Coi;unissioners propose to make this display, the .first of the 11510 system., The Representative Exhibition of In-rr dustry at - Art. Manufactu s—Art—Inventions--Products.
Open to the World.
fifety- The honorable record attained by these Expositions since iS7o, under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce, Board of Trade and Ohio Mechanic's' Institute, will be fully maintained. NO COMPETITIVE AWARDS. XII Articles Nvill be Entered for Exhibition Only. For full particulars, address L. H. McCAM MON, Secretary.
Joshua Roses Great Treatise on:team:limos
IN PRESS FOR EARLY PUBLICATION. MODERN STEAM ENGINES.-An elementary treatise upon the Steam Engine, written in plain language, for use in the workshop as well as in the drawing office •, giving full explanations of the construction of modern Steam Engines, including diagrams showing their actual operation ; together with complete but simple explanations of the operations of various kinds of valves, valve motions, link motions, etc., thereby enabling the ordinary en-gineer to clearly understand the principles involved in their construction and use, and to plot, out their movements upon the drawing board. By Joshua Rose, M.E., author of " The Complete Practical Machinist." Illustrated by over 400 enixravings. In one volume, quarto, 320 pages. Price $6.00, free of postage to any address in the world. Subscriptions will now be received, payable on publication. W‘' A Prospectus showing' the contents of this maq-mfleent book now ready, and will be sent to any one who will furnish, his address to HENRY CAREY BAIRD Si Co, Industrial Publishers, Booksellers and Importers, 810 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. PA.. T. S. A. The BERRA-MAN i'atent

• • .
PULSOMETER STEAM PUMk" ,,`C. -13 JOHN Ftiv-REFT, N4 v;
FEED WATER eater & Purifier,
MANUFACTURED BI
I. B. Davis & Son, Hartford, Con. This heater has been in constant use over ten years. Nono have ever re quired repairs. Gives the highest ro-sults attainable by the USE of exhaust steam,
BENJ. P. KFT.LEY, Agent,
of prEW YORK.

r..11 1%,►1tIC, 111t1N1)- IN11, E'•r. TA K ES I;11 ICRY WHEEL TO 12 IN. IN DIAM-ETER. 3%" ARBOR,

A N 1' 111, ()II II Mit A 1.1,1:11 (JUIN MA CHINES IN II!'1,NCI: IIENCII ORDI-NARILY USED.
In
z m O
3 r•
SEBASTIAN, MAY & COMPANY'S Improved Screw Cutting
Foot or Power Laths
Catalogue of Lathes, Drill Presses and Machinists' Tools and Supplies mailed on appli-cation. Lathes on Trial. 167 W. Second St., Cincinnati,()
"THE ONLY PERFECT" BUFFALO Portable Forges,
The Lightest, Strongest, Most Durable, Easiest Working, and in every way THE BEST Portable Forge Made,
Buffalo Forge Co.,
BUFFALO, N. Y.
Worthington Independent Condenser.
Efficient, Safo and Inexpensive . HENRY R. WORTHINGTON, New York, Boston, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, San Irancisco.

pg-12;top

MAY 8, 1886 12 MACHINIST MAY 8, 1886 MERITS PROVEN BY 20 YEARS' CONSTANT USE.
SAFE BOILERS.
Address, Harrison Safety Boiler Works, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
ONEIDA STEAM ENGINE & FOUNDRY CO., ONEIDA, N. Y,

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF LATHE AND DRILL CHUCKS, Under Westcott's Patent. SEND FOR CATALOGUE.
Little Giant Improved.
CAPACITY. Inches. 1,.;o. 00 holds 0 to 1-4 , O to 1.2 I 66 0 to b8 2 0 to 1 2 1-2 " 0 to 1
46

MECIX1CAULZEWS I WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY
BOILER CLEANER Takes out all mud. and scale-forming properties from the water of Steam Boilers, keeping it clean and free from all impur-ities. Send for circular. Manufactured by E.W. Van Duzen, Cincinnati, 0

For Planing Mills, Fur-nzture,Chair and Cabinet Factories,Cabinet Works andGeneral Wood-Work-ing. Send Stamp for Il-lustrated Catalogue to ROLLSTONE MACHINE CO., 45 Water St., FITCHBURG, MASS •
Patent Flexible Back Hack Saw for Machinists' Use.

Selden 's Patent Packillgs

Recommended by Leading Engineers for Steam and Hydraulic Use.
Made either with or without Rubber Core. Randolph Brandt, 38 Cortlandt St N. Y.
Made of best band Steel. The teeth only are hardened by an entirely new process, the back remaining soft and flexible. Warranted not to break. Send for sample and circular. En-dorsed by The Pratt & Whitney_ Co., John Henney, Jr., Supt.Motive Power, IN. Y., N. H. do H. R. R. and others. _HENRY G. THOMPSON & SONS, New Haven, Conn. 151 Leonard St., N. Y.
Office of James Renshaw, Mechanical Engineer; Mill and Miling Machinery and En giheers' Supplies. Butte, Montana, Randolph Brant, February 22, 1884. In answer to your Inquiry in reference to the Selden Packing, I can say that, having used a great deal of it in almost every situation. and for J., long time, and since sold a great deal to other users, I can testify to i is merits. Where one packingis to be used for packing against both steam and water, I know of none equal to it. That with rubber core I have found excellent for high temperatures. While there are several really good packings in the market, yours need "take no buck seat," with any. Yours truly, JAMES RENSHAW.
VOLNEY W. MASON & CO., Friction Pulleys, Clutches and Elevators, PROVIDENCE. R. I.
Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Complete outfits for Actual Workshop Business. Read what a customer says
•
FOX, TU111".a & SPEED LATHES AND 13R.A..SS TINIOLIEB13'

JENKINS BROS.' VALVES, GATE, GLOBE. ANCL CH ECK AND SAFETY. MANUFACTURED OF BEST STEAM METAL. The Jenkins Discs used in these valves are manufactured under our 1880 patent and will stand 200 lbs. steam pressure. WE WARRANT ALL VALVES STAMPED "JENKINS BROS."
JENKINS BROS.
71 jJlioi Street, NarstYoonrk, S END FOR.
The Iiiifoliralielhuck CI-ItiT"jacbK.s

for BrassFinishers' Use, Milling Machines, ScrewMachines,Up. right Drills, Cut. ting-Off Machines, Drill Lathes, and forBoringMills for Car Wheel and other work.
THE E. HORTON & SON CO.
Canal St., Windsor Locks. Conn., U.S.A.
American Twist Drill Company's PATENT CHUCK JAWS.

8Azes. Price per set of 4 Jaws, $40, 4048, $56. Bolted to lathe face plates, they make best and cheapest chuck in the world. Address orders
IIILL, CLARKE A CO., Boston and St. Louis, MANNINO, MAXWELL A 810011E, N. T. City, TALLMAN MeFADDEN, PhiladPiphia, Pa., or WM. BING HAM A CO., Cleveland, Ohio.
POP. Crosby Pop Safety-Valves
• • ADAPTED TO MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE, STATTONARY, PORTABLE & FARM ENGINE BOILERS.
CROSBY IMPROVED STEAM GAGES,
And all Gages used in the various Arts.
SINGLE BELL CHIME rISTLE.
Its sound is pleasant and far-reaching. For Railroads, Mills and Factories. Also for Fire-Alarm Signals. Victory Lubricators, Amsler's Planimeters, Test Gages and Pumps, Scotch Gage Glass Water Gages. and all Steam Engine and Boiler appliances. We claim superiority of workmanship and pea - feet adaptation in l our products.
Crosby St m Gage and Yalve Co.
95 97 01,1 V Eit STUEET, BOSTON. CRANK PLANERS Superior Design & Workmanship, ktra Rimy MOO lbs.) DOWN, ANGULAR AND 0110138-FRED, TO PLANE 12x16x15. THE R.A. BELDEN CO.,DANBUIY, CT.
WHITNEY'S NEW RATCHET.
Has greater range than any two ratchets made, and at the trice of one. Send for circulars. VARIETY MACHINE CO., Warsaw, N. V.
The Almond Coupling.
A new quarter turn motion to replace quarter turn belts and bevel gears. T. R. ALMOND, Mfr., 83 1 81 Washington Street, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
NEW SQUARE THREAD TOOL
t WITH SAME HOLDER.casEe
HARTFORD TOOL CO., HARTFORD, CONN,

SHAPING MIIIIES
For Hand and Power, 6/' 8" and 10" Stroke Adapted to All Classes of Work to Their Capacity, CIRCULARS FURNISHED. BOYNTON & PLUMMER Worcester, Mass.
SMOOTH INSIDE & OUT.
JOHN SICK 4 Fletcher St N.Y.
***************************************************************************************

Recommended by Loading Engineers for Steam and Hydraulic Use. Made either with or without Rubber Core. Randolph Brandt, 38 Cortlandt St "Y
D14,4,11111111, 1,1111 1 11,111115 11,114 y 11 1111 1'.11 K111 err htipplh W. 111111,, Moniaanl Randolph Brant, February sal, . I, 14. In answer to your Inquiry i yference to the Holden Parking, I can say that, having used rat deal of it la ahoust situation. and for ii long tit 8101 sine. sold 16 weld 414411 to other users, I can testily to its mt.. Where one pnek I lig IN to be used for packing 8011118t both steam and water, I know of .none equal t( That with rubber core I have found excellent for high tem Ttures. While there are several really good packings in t :market, yours need "take no back seat," with any. Yours truly, JAMES RENSHAW.
VOLNEY W. MASON & CO., Friction Pulleys, Clutches and Elevators, PROVIDENCE. R. I.

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Complete outfits for Actual Workshop Business. Read what a customer says': "Considering its capacity and the ac-curateness of your No. 4 Lathe, I do not see how it can be produced at such , low cost. The velocipede foot-power ' is simply elegant. I can tarn steadily for a whole day and at night feel as little tired as if I had been walking around." Descriptive Catalogue and Price List Free.W .F.8c JOHN BARNES Co. Address 1995 Main St.,Rockford,
AlliMENL
Hartford Drill puck
contains the maximum of power, durability and effi-ciency, and is fully guaran-teed. No. 1 holds from 0 to W, price $7. No. 2 (round body) holds from 0 to %", price $8. Sold by the trade Address, CUSHMAN CHUCK CO.,
HARTFORD, CONN. Manufacturer of all kinds cf Chucks Send for new Illus'd Catalogue.
FOX, TURRET & SPEED LATHES

,-.111111[1111111I1111111111111011111M11111iL"MillilM1116;11iiiiii
AND BRASS FINISHERS' fro S, CAGE MACHINE WORKS, WATERFORD, NEW YORK.
A UNIVERSAL WRENCH.

BAUER'S PAT.
SELF-ADJUSTING, SELF-GRIPPING, SELF-ACTING WRENCH, and TONCS.
/ . 111 111111111111" Mr 141)4i1.11

Grips from Largest to Smallest size. Get List from PAINE, DIEHL &.CO., 12 BANE ST., PIMA, PA.
91111111111111.111111.■
Experimental and. New Machinery for Special Purposes
MB-C.7=-IT 7..7"N=R CONTRACT From Specifications aria Inventors' Designs. AMPLE SHOP AND SHIPPING FACILITIES. • COHOES IRON FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 11_ CORRESPONDENCE' SOLICI1E'_D. COHOES, Y. MII.M=1=1■11111111I■
TO0
IL PLANES 27 in. long ; 12 in. wide ; 8 in. high. I Machinists, Engineers, Model Makers and all classes of Mechanics can find TOOLS to suit them at Reduced Prices.
IMPROVED POWER, OR Lig PLANER,
A. J. WILKINSON & CO. 184 to 186 Washington Street,
BOSTON, MASS. CATALOGUES FREE.

DA PATEN i'NUTTHREADING*POINTING NIANUFACTUI.2 D SOLELY B r ICE CHIN

,t lid an Gssgers nosed tit tho via 11 Dun A rtrs.
SINGLE BELL CHIME WHISTLE.
Its sound is plev sit and far-reaching. For illailro( „es, III ills and Factories. Also for Fire-Alarm Signals. Victory Lubricators. Amsier's Planimeters, Test Gages and Pumps, Scotch Gage Glass,Water Gages. and all Steam Engine and Boiler appliances. We claim superiority of workmanship and pet-feet adaptation in all our products.
Crosby Steam Gage and Yalye Co.
95 & 97 OLIVER STREET, BOSTON.

Their Capacity, Itg ILNI5IIIC1).
BOYNTON & PLUMMER AVOr•exter, :1111141,44,
SMOOTH INSIDE & OUT.
JOHN &LEK 4 Fletcher St N.Y.
DIXON'S .PUBE, FOLIATED, DRY

DIXON'S D, AmericanGraPhae ruidircT LUOIC---APJE 05,01)(011CRUCIDINI.01
AlfIERICAN
GRA.PIIITE
PERFECT LUBRICATOR.
Its enduring qualities are several times greater than fhose of any oil. Unlike eitht,r oil or grease, it is not affected by heat, cold, steam, acids, etc., and acts equally well under the most varying conditions of temperature and moisture. Its natural impurities contain substances fatal lo anti-friction purposes, namely, quartz or grit. Its proper selection. sizing and perfecting for lubricating pur-poses is a matter requiring large skill, much machinery and great experience. We have made this a special study, and, by methods of sizing and dressing, pecu-liar to ourselves, have produced a graphite unequaled for purity, for correct size of flake and unrivaled for lubricating qualities. Manufactured and Warranted Only by the JOS. DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J.
- PrErFC-H ARTIPS STANDARD PUNCHES.
INE1110,
Rubber Goods Especially to Order.
Fine and accurate work for Mechanical purposes Sewing Machine and Electric Light articles, Bicycle Tires, Bottle Stop-pers, Seamless Tubing. Pure Moulded Boiler Gaskets and Steam Pipe Rings that never melt or blow out, Extra Quality Sheet Packings, Pump Valves, Pure Anti-thill Rattlers, etc. Esti-mates for cost of new articles, including moulds, when desired. THE HARTFORD RUBBER WORKS, HARTFORD, CONN.

FOSSIL .4. MEAL
muninommooml
SPATENT OLICITORS
KNO LtS 93 Liberty Street, _Lieu, York, 44 Washington Stree, Boston.
BESTVTOOLS
ON EARTH FOR
PUNCIIINGsIVEN,,

UNIVERSAL RADIAL/v.0 RADIAL DRILLING MACHINES
THREE DESIGNS. SIX SIZES. EMBODY ALL DESIRABLE FEATURES PRICES$450.19&UPWARD nnp ssUNIVERSAL RADIAL DRILL CO 1.CI 1, b. • • •
PIPE AND BOILER COVERING.
Light as Hair Felt. Absolutely Fireproof. Easily applied. Can be used over and over again. Thickness of %" to %"; equal to other coverings at 2" to 2.A1,, Beware of Imitations. Sold in Bags of 110 lbs. each. Acknowledged by leading audio, :les to be the best non-conducting material in the r FOSSIL MEAL CO., 48 Cedar St., New York. Send for Circular Mention I Paper.
ELLSWORTH & YANTIS, 816F St., Washington, D.C. Send for Circular.
FRIO 1

ULU,I. C.D
ATM,
CLUI%
E. B.STOCK1NG, ATTY.,
Opp. Pat. Of., Washington, D.C. Send slt. for fr,,e, report..., to nd nc

ti, few ett S. HUNT'S r. JA , North Adams, Mc,.

,-.111111[1111111I1111111111111011111M11111iL"MillilM1116;11iiiiii
AND BRASS FINISHERS' fro S, CAGE MACHINE WORKS, WATERFORD, NEW YORK.
A UNIVERSAL WRENCH.

BAUER'S PAT.
SELF-ADJUSTING, SELF-GRIPPING, SELF-ACTING WRENCH, and TONCS.
/ . 111 111111111111" Mr 141)4i1.11

DA PATEN i'NUTTHREADING*POINTING NIANUFACTUI.2 D SOLELY B r ICE CHIN

Their Capacity, Itg ILNI5IIIC1).
BOYNTON & PLUMMER AVOr•exter, :1111141,44,
SMOOTH INSIDE & OUT.
JOHN &LEK 4 Fletcher St N.Y.
DIXON'S .PUBE, FOLIATED, DRY

FOSSIL .4. MEAL
muninommooml
SPATENT OLICITORS
KNO LtS 93 Liberty Street, _Lieu, York, 44 Washington Stree, Boston.
BESTVTOOLS
ON EARTH FOR
PUNCIIINGsIVEN,,

ULU,I. C.D
ATM,
CLUI%
E. B.STOCK1NG, ATTY.,
Opp. Pat. Of., Washington, D.C. Send slt. for fr,,e, report..., to nd nc

ti, few ett S. HUNT'S r. JA , North Adams, Mc,.

, Moniaanl Randolph Brant, February sal, . I, 14. In answer to your Inquiry i yference to the Holden Parking, I can say that, having used rat deal of it la ahoust situation. and for ii long tit 8101 sine. sold 16 weld 414411 to other users, I can testily to its mt.. Where one pnek I lig IN to be used for packing 8011118t both steam and water, I know of .none equal t( That with rubber core I have found excellent for high tem Ttures. While there are several really good packings in t :market, yours need "take no back seat," with any. Yours truly, JAMES RENSHAW.
VOLNEY W. MASON & CO., Friction Pulleys, Clutches and Elevators, PROVIDENCE. R. I.

,-.111111[1111111I1111111111111011111M11111iL"MillilM1116;11iiiiii
AND BRASS FINISHERS' fro S, CAGE MACHINE WORKS, WATERFORD, NEW YORK.
A UNIVERSAL WRENCH.

BAUER'S PAT.
SELF-ADJUSTING, SELF-GRIPPING, SELF-ACTING WRENCH, and TONCS.
/ . 111 111111111111" Mr 141)4i1.11

DA PATEN i'NUTTHREADING*POINTING NIANUFACTUI.2 D SOLELY B r ICE CHIN

Their Capacity, Itg ILNI5IIIC1).
BOYNTON & PLUMMER AVOr•exter, :1111141,44,
SMOOTH INSIDE & OUT.
JOHN &LEK 4 Fletcher St N.Y.
DIXON'S .PUBE, FOLIATED, DRY

FOSSIL .4. MEAL
muninommooml
SPATENT OLICITORS
KNO LtS 93 Liberty Street, _Lieu, York, 44 Washington Stree, Boston.
BESTVTOOLS
ON EARTH FOR
PUNCIIINGsIVEN,,

ULU,I. C.D
ATM,
CLUI%
E. B.STOCK1NG, ATTY.,
Opp. Pat. Of., Washington, D.C. Send slt. for fr,,e, report..., to nd nc

ti, few ett S. HUNT'S r. JA , North Adams, Mc,.

-------------------pg13------------13

pg-13;top

pg-13-top MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST

MAY 8, 1E86] _A_MERIC.A_I\T MACHINIST the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted ►1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship : SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average 60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth $525 Less only cost of coal 90 Making net Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea Saved on hoisting in port 4_another tesssst.
hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee

---13--------------

-----------------14--------------------------------

pg-14-top

MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST

pg 14-- AMERICAN MACHINIST
[IVIAy 8, 1886
WILLIAM SELLERS
Engineers and Machinists, Philadelphia, Pa.
IMPROVED MACHINE TOOLS FOR WORKING IRON AND STEEL.
Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, etc., for transmitting power. Improved Self-Adjusting Injector of 1876, started, stopped and regulated as to capacity, by one lever. FIXED NOZZLE AUTOMATIC INJECTOR OF 1885,
IIIINNMENI101,
Either a Lifter or Non-Lifter ; no extra valves or fittings required; tubes can be removed without disturbing pipe connections ; is perfectly Automatic in its action; requires no especial manipulation to operate it. DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLETS AND PRICES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION TO PHILADELPHIA OFFICE, OR TO NEW YORK OFFICE, 79 Liberty St.
3 laying greater facilities for
NEAR CUTTING
than we need at present, we are prepared to cut accurately and with dispatch, all sizes of Spur ani Bevel Gears, from the Smallest to 30 inches Diameter.
5. ASHTON HAND MFG. CO,. TO, ,Nog THE swER ENGINE CO.
The Lowe Feed Water HEATER,

PORTABLE AND STATIONARY ENGINES and BOILERS Send for Catalogue and Prices.
THE For Heating and Purify-ing Feed Water fees Boilers and other pur-poses, with h FAhlust Steam from High or Low Pressure Engines •
T is the simplest, most I Efficient and Reliable, and at less cost. Con-structed on the best sys-tem, saving most fuel and boiler repairs. Write for Histories of Boilers and F,ed Wale Healers (.free on mention-ing this paper). to 101 c BRIDCEPORT
BOILER WORKS,
NEW YORK CO., WILLIAM LOWE, Prop, ir.---Agents Wanted.
Exclusive Agents for New York. RAILWAY, MILL, MACHINISTS', AND ENGINEERS', MINERS' SU F°13I_AIIE S.

50 & 52 JOHN STR7ET, NEW YORK.
1COFFINIILEJGHTON2 SYRACUSF,NN 3 F1[110111
MACHINISTS' SCALES pftteat C;racluation. W 41 invite comparison for neourney with411 others. inumr., studs Guars:414ml. Send for tint.
CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEER 'Ludt Export In Patont Cam',

Southwark Foundry & Machine Co. 'y
ENGINEERS AND MACHINISTS. WASHINGTON AVE. AND FIFTH ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. PORTER-ALLEN and SOUTHWARK ENGINES, BOILERS AND TANKS, BLOWING ENGINES, PUMPS, GAS APPARATUS, BESSEMER CONVERTERS, ETO., SUGAR MACHINERY, HYDRAULIC MACHINERY. ETC.. ETC.

THE LONG 1‘ ALLSTATIVICa.,"Vo°11,
Double, Single, Angle-Bar, Gang, Horizontal, Twin, Boiler, Spacing, Gate, Multiple, Belt and Steam-Driven
ri,nches :hears, .4 Over 300 Sizes. ALSO Power Cushioned Hammer.
Send for new catalogue.
BRANDON'S PISTON RING PACKING. By its use a piston is self-packed against pressure, this pressure being balanced so as to permit neither the forcing of the rings outwardly, causing wear of rings and cylinder, nor inwardly, allowing the fluid to o pass by them. For License or Illustrated Cir-cular, Address, JAMES BEANDON, 233 Tenth Ave. N.Y.
J. A. FAY 86 CO CINCINNATI, OEIO, U.S.A.
BUILDERS OP IMPROVED
WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY

Embraces nearly 400 Machines for PLANING & MATCHING Surfacing, Moulding, Tenoning, Mortising, Boring, and Shaping, etc. Variety and Universal WOOD WORKERS. Band, Scroll and Circular Saws, Resawing Machines, Spoke and Wheel Machinery, Shafting, Pul-leys, etc. All of the highest standard of excellence. ff. H. DOANE, Pres't. D. L. LYON, Seo'y.
STEARNS MFG. COMPANY
MFLIM, Engines from 15 to 400 Horse Power.
Boilers of Steel and Iron supplied tone trade or the user. Send for Catalogues.
SAW MILLS

W.COLBURN : Co. FITCHBURG, MASS. INCANDESCENT LIGHTING — AND PLVING MACHINES
NATIONAL WATER-TUBE BOILER COMPANY. Main Office, New Brunswick, N. J. Manuacturcrs of MOORE'S SYSTEM

WATER-TUBE STEAM BOILERS,
Unequid for SAFETY ECONOMY AND DURABILITY.

*******************************************************

Exclusive Agents for New York. RAILWAY, MILL, MACHINISTS', AND ENGINEERS', MINERS' Su I: I='IJI s
50 & 52 JOHN STIV ET, NEW YORK.
3 MACHINISTS' SCALES; T'ate...rt End Graduation. We invite comparison for accuracy with all others. Every Scale Guaranteed, Send. for Li.. COFFIN & LEICHTON, SYRACUSE, N. Y.
CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEER and Expert lg Patent Causes, 28 STATE STREET, ROOM 28, BOSTON, MASS.
DON'S NEW WATEI-CUBE STEAM BOILED H SAFE! ECONOMICAL! DURABLE II For ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of NEW BOILER, Address ABENDROTH & ROOT MANUFG. Co.
- 28 CLIFF STREET, NEW YaRK.-
FLUOR SPAR THE BEST
A natural product taken irom our own mines. Unlike any of tl,e artificial compounds or manufactured products heretofore on the market. We guarantee its SUCCCLIJ if directions are followed, or ask no pay. Only 8 or 10 pounds to the ton of iron required to purify the iron, and will more tlrta pay for itself in keeping the cupola clean. The best flux for foundry work ; also used in redaction and refining of silver, copper and lead. Used by glass manufacturers in making opaque ware. Used by chemists in making hydro-fluoric acid for etching ornamented glass. (Jan be used in manufacturing steel by the basic process
_FouNDRy FLUX. THE EVANSVILLEtLEBADuARNBDASNPKA.R8, lI cloINING CO. Successors Sand for circular, prices and experience of users. EVANSVILLE, IND.
HARRiSM'S ADJUSTABLE FLUE-HMI CUTTER.
An etTe3tive labor-savinz tool for the boiler shop. Size No. 1 cuts all size holes from 2 to 5 inches inclusive. The cutters proper are forded from 5/ inch round steel, can be renewed at trifling cost ; are easily adjusted and firmly held. Manufactured by
REMINGTON & CO., WILMINGTON DEL.

THE FISHKILL CORLISS ENGINE, Specially adapted for and extensively used in large grain elevators. 13COIMLIETtS. Manufactured by the Fishkill handing Machin Co. FISIIKILL-ON-THE-HUDSON, N.Y. ;,– li, t,„, i ' containitii' Illus.. ......2 ..,,, __ Bowl, and Clroular tiOtwm, 1(esawIng 111nehluo.s, Wherl Machlurry, Hiifin log, 1'h% All ••r Ili„ highest _ - standard of excellonrm. AT. H. DOANE, Pres't. D. L. LYON, See'y.
I.W.COLBURN Co.1 I FITCHBURG, MASS.( 100 MAIN V. AtiVprx INUAN WE. Sr DESCENT 10 LIVI NO PRICES! AND LIG anti NG PING MACHINES.
NATIONAL WATER-TUBE BOILER COMPANY. Main Office, New Brunswick, N. J. Manui:acturers of MOORE'S SYSTEM WATER-TUBE STEAM BOILERS, Unequalled for SAFETY, ECONOMY AND DURABILITY. Branch Offices: New York City, 64 Cortlandt St. Philadelphia, Pa., 49 N. 7th St. Boston, Mass., - 50 Oliver St.
L7ncle's Pat, Ii -r Safoty Valves, tclapted to all Boilers. 3. E. Lonergan & Co., Sole Owners and Manurrs PHILA., PA.
WHITE'S FLEXIBLE METALLIC FILLET For use of Pattern Slickers. Sizes 14 to 1 in.

Over 10,000 in Use.
ADAPTED TO EVERY STYLE OF STATIONARY AND PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE.
Warranted to give satisfac• tion or no sale.
FOR CIRCULARS ANA --17i.,4" ADDlESS,
The Gai4ffer Goverlloi. Co. QUINCY ,L.
OF St7
Foe
3A// 1016//41/
MORSE ELEVATOR WORKS
MORSE, WILLIAMS ES., CO., successors to CLEM k monsE, Builder: of all Kinds of PASSENGER AND FREIGHT
inators,

Automatio Hatch Doors Send for Illustrated Circular. Office, 411 CHERRY sT. Works, Frankford Av.,Wildey trANk and Shackamaxon Sts., I PHILADELPHIA.. N.Y. Office, 108 Liberty Street.
A SPECIALTY.
• •
OSGOOD DREDGE CO., - ALBANY, N. Y. RALPH R. OSGOOD, Pres. JAMES H. BLESSING, Vice-Pres. JOHN K. HOWE, Secret:, -- and Treasurer, 111anufa, it/ in of D"nERRICKS„ .1.1 MACHINES, 1/ Etc.„ Eta.
11REDGES, .1J Excavators,
01,

wners and Manurrs PHILA., PA.
WHITE'S FLEXIBLE METALLIC FILLET For use of Pattern Slickers. Sizes 14 to 1 in.

HOWARD WHITE, 4 N. 4th ST., PHILA. PA. Send for Circular & Samples.
ROLLER TUBE EXPANDERS, FORGED STEEL, SHEET METAL PUNCHES, SCREW PUNCHES, A. L. RENDERER, Wilmington,Del. Iron Planers e Shapers.
SUPERIOR DESIGN AND WORKMANSHIP. MIME MACRE TOOL WORM, Lim. ROCHESTER. N. Y.
THE GARDNER GOVERNOR over 10,000 in Use.
ADAPTED TO EVERY STYLE OF STATIONARY AND PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE.
Warranted to give satisfaction or no sale.
FOR CIRCULARS ANA --17i.,4" ADDlESS,
The Gai4ffer Goverlloi. Co. QUINCY ,L.
OF St7
Foe
3A// 1016//41/
MORSE ELEVATOR WORKS
MORSE, WILLIAMS ES., CO., successors to CLEM k monsE, Builder: of all Kinds of PASSENGER AND FREIGHT
inators,

--15-------- 15

pg-15-top

MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST

MAY 8, 1886---------AMERICAN MACHINIST the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted 1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship : SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average 60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth $525 Less only cost of coal 90 Making net Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea Saved on hoisting in port 4_another tesssst.
hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee pg-16

pg-16-top

AMERICAN MACHINIST

MAY 8, 1886------AMERICAN MACHINIST the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted 1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship : SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average 60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth $525 Less only cost of coal 90 Making net Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea Saved on hoisting in port 4_another tesssst.
hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee pg-17

pg-17-top you can see this this is a test tt-tt-tt-tt-tt- test

AMERICAN MACHINIST MAY 8, 1886--.pg -17
MORSE TWIST DRILL AND MACHINE COMPANY,
Manufacturers of Morse Patent Straight-Lip Increase Twist Drills. New Bedford, MASS.
MACHINIST

Solid and Shell Reamers, Beach's Patent Self-Centering Chuck, Bit Stock Drills. DRILL GRINDING MACHINES, MILLING CUTTERS AND SPECIAL TOOLS TO ORDER.
MANUFACTURE

HAND LATHES, FOOT LATHES AND MILLING MACHINES. Manning, Maxwell & Moore, Selling Agents, 111 Liberty St., New York. 515 Phenix Building, Chicago.
OUR SPECIALTY
CRANK and GEARED SHAPERS.
J. STEPTOE & CO., Cincinnati, 0. Cleo. Place Machine Co., Agents, Yew York.
NOTICE.
REDUCTION IN PRICE OF 50, 60 AND 72 INCH
Lathes, Planers, Drills, Blotters, Etc.

NEW HAVEN MANUFAC'G CO., New Haven, Conn.
2 BY 24 FLAT TURRET LATHE.

SEND FOR CIRCULAR. D. SANDERS' SONS,
Manufac -firers of Pipe Cutting & Threading Machines For Pipe, Mill and Steam Fitters' Use. TAPPING MACHINES
For Steam Fitting, also v;00 Steam and Gas Fitters' Rand Tools. 21 Atherton St., Yonkers, N. Y.

P BLAISDELL & CO., Manufacturers of Machinists' Tools WORCESTER, MASS. Send for CATALOGUE for '92. JONES & LAMSON MACHINE CO., Springfield, Vt., U. S. A.

BOYNTON & PLUMMER, WORCESTER, MASS. Manufacturers of
Shaping Machines, Drilling Machines, Bolt Cutting Machines.
CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., Lt'd, Agents. 21 Cross St., Finsbury, London, England.
FOOT POWER LATHES
BoRixo aND TuRNING MILL MULLER LATHES H. BICKFORD, — Lakeport, N. H. PLAIN MILLING MACHINES SOMETHING
Write for New List, August 1st, 1892.

PATENTED. With New and Valuable Features. MADE ONLY BY THE BRADFORD MILL CO., Sth and Evans, CINCINNATI, 0. London House: CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., L't'd, 21 Cross St., Finsbury, London, E. C., Eng.

GAGE MACHINE WORKS,
For Electrical and Experimen-tal work. For Gunsmiths and
Tool Makers. For general Ma-chine Shop Work. High grade tools ; elegant in design, superior in con-struction. The best foot power lathes made, and quality considered the cheapest. Send for catalogue and prices.
W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO.,
1995 Ruby St., ROCKFORD, II L. ENGLISH AGENTS, CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., LTD. 21 CROSS ST., FINSBURY, LONDON, E. C., ENG.
BARKER'S IMPROVED CENTER GRINDING MACHINE.
Price, $10. NO GAUGES. NO BELT. Every Machine Guaranteed. I MANUFACTURED BY WM. BARKER & CO., Cincinnati, Ohio. SEND FOR. CIRCULAR.
PLAIN and UNIVERSAL MACHINES MACHINES
of approved de-sign and F oh grade wor', ship. KEMPSMITH MACHINE TOOL CO., Milwaukee, Wis.
1COFEN &LOG HTON 2 SYRACUSE,N.Y a MACHINISTS' SCALES
PATENT END GRADUATION. We Invite Comparison for Accuracy with all others. EVERY SCALE GUARANTEED. SEND FOR LIST. COFFIN & LEIGHTON, SYRACUSE, N. C.H BAUSH & SONS
HOLYOKE, MASS. Manufacturers of POST, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

PLAIN MILLING MACHINES SOMETHING NEW. The Cincinnati Milling Machine Co., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

PATENTED-. With New and Valuable Features, MADE ONLY BY THE

BRADFORD MILL CO., 8th and Evans, CINCINNATI, 0. London House: CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., L't'd, 21 Cross St., Finsbury, London. E. C.. Eng.
GAGE MACHINE WORKS,

FOX & TURRET LATHES - A SPECIALTY.

MANUFACTURERS OF
MACHINE TOOLS, WATERFORD, N. Y.
IRON PLANERS,
Extra Heavy. Latest Design. All Modern Improvements. L. W. POND MACHINE CO., WORCESTER, MASS.
1,11CN I'M, CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., LTD. 21 CROSS ST., FINSBURY, LONDON, E. C., ENG.
BARKER'S IMPROVED CENTER GRINDING MACHINE.
Price, $10. NO GAUGES. NO BELT. Every Machine Guaranteed. MANUFACTURED BY WM. BARKER & CO., Cincinnati, Ohio. SEND FOR CIRCULAR.
SIX SPINDLE
Turret Drills
SEND FOR CIRCULAR.
A. D. QUINT, HARTFORD, CONN,

VERTICAL DRILL PRESSES, 12 to 52 inch swing. Radial Drills, 4 to 10 ft. swing. Boiler Makers' Drills, Bridge and Ship Builders' Drills, Gang Drills, and other Drilling Machinery. Engine Lathes, 12 to 24 in. swing. Send for t. Catalogue. PRENTICE BROS., WORCESTER, MASS.

1.1.4maiiii1111m1111gommo1111111111111IiII1011111111mmume

smallest to the largest. WORCESTER, MASS. Jan. 6, 1891.
WORCESTER, MASS. DEAR SIR :-The two 25 in. Drills purchased of you about one year ago have been in con-stant use, and have al-ways done the work required of them to our entire sati s-a faction.
51111---AED, 114,4111111

Yours very truly, Richardson Mfg. Co.

CZ ot.
= op 4 0.. el) kl c4 THE CURTIS eq-Pipe Threading td Attac ma 01 -FO LATHES. 11 APNIDPETACRIETAIDIINA MillitinHINERY For nand or 2 Send for Illustrated Power. Catalogu.
W. D. FORBES & CO., ENGINEERS, HOBOKEN, N. J. 14TH STREET FERRY.
WE DESIRE TO CONTRACT FOR FINE MACHINE WORK.
WE MAKE MILLING CUTTERS AND CARRY REGULAR SIZES IN STOCK.
Maule' s"Skeleion" Pipe Die. What
/Simply this : The first cost of it to you is less than that of any of, other Pipe-Thread-it ? ing Die. Also this: Before it becomes IA 1 ;,,...,,< >will cut as many perfect threads as dulled from use it le . '112r,'"--"•11.416W.„,„,_ -or" the best Solid as ,i0L4 is dulelx,' ; you claonnd'r thhernowiY trLitc it away and try a new one. - -, ,,„,_j, You simply sharpen it on a ---,'' commongrindstone, and make it _Practically as good as new. And this sharpening pro-cess may be repeated a number of times. Don't it sound like a ;noney-saver ? Ask your jobber to send you Price-List of MAULE' S "SKELETON" PIPE DIE. PANCOAST & MAUI,E, Philadelphia, U. S. A.
TO OBTAIN AN ACCURATE CARD WITH AN INDICATOR It is necessary to use a perfect method of reducing the motion. This is done by using our

ALUMINUM REDUCING WHEEL
Lightest and only Perfect motion made. For circulars and prices address WEBSTER & PERKS TOOL CO., Cor, Spring & Monroe Sts., Springfield, Ohio, U. S. A.
t
REDUCING VALVES, AIR-BRAKE REGULATORS, PUMP PRESSURE REG'AATORS, BALANCED VALVES. MASON REGULATOR COMPANY, Boston.
r
.1,% 1".
4 1.1 (I 4L
WM!
N s-111•1

AND Wallilathal argils

=
From the smallest to thelargest.
WORCESTER, MASS. Jan. 6,1891. Mr. J. E. SNYDER, WORCESTER, MASS. DEAR SIR :-The two 25 in. Drills purchased of you about one year ago have been in con-stant use, and have al-ways done the work required

hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee

pg-19-top

THE BUCKEYE AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF ENGINES.

SLOW SPEED, MEDI L.111 SPEED AND HIGH SPEED LNGINES, Compound and Triple-Expansion Engines. HIGH-PRESSURE BOILERS. • Complete Steam Power Plants of Highest Attain-able Efficiency. Address BUCKEYE ENGINE CO., Salem, 0. Or SALES ACENTS: BUCKEYE ENGINE COMPANY SALES AGENCY, No. 10 Telephone Building, New York City. A. A. HUNTING, John Hancock Bld'g, Boston, Mass. N. W. ROBINSON, 97 Washington St., Chicago, Ill. ROBINSON & CARY COMPANY, St. Paul, Minn. A. L. FISH, No. 61 First St., San Francisco, Cal. A. III MORSE, 511 Commercial Building, St. Louis, Mo. J. M. ARTHUR & CO., Portland, Oregon. KENSINGTON ENGINE WORKS, LIMITED, PHILADELPHIA. Cole Licensees and Manufacturers for New Jersey (South of Trenton) Eastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Ilirginiz.
ALBANY STEAM TRAP CO. ALBANY, N. Y. RETURN Sri AUTOMATIC STEAM TRAPS, IIT SPECIAL
BOILER FEED PUMPS AND PUMP GOVERNORS. " OTTO " GAS ENGINE WORKS, SCHLEICHER, SCHUMM & CO.,
STEAM PUMPS AND GOVERNOR COMBINED
FOR PUMPINC
HOT CONDENSED MEL Renewable Seat and Disc VALVES_
33d and Walnut Sts., PHILADELPHIA. Branch Office, New York Agency, Monroe St., CHICAGO. 18 Vesey St., N. Y.
THE TWISS IMPROVED AUTOMATIC ENGINE, Manufactured by NELSON W. MISS, 28 Whitney Ave., NEW HAVEN, CONN. (a'New Cylinders put on to old engines, effecting a saving of 25 to 40 per cent. in fuel. Also vertical and marine en. glues.

.STRONG,WELL BUILTSERVICEABLE STEAM EN= 12 to 100 Horse Power•&bull..... Every Engine Adapted to Heavy, tested under Continuous Work. full load. SUITABLE
ES
Guaranteed to consume 25 to 75 per cent. less Gas than any other Gas Engine doing the same work.
THE STANDARD REVOLUTIONS COUNTER A. B. PITKIN MACHINERY CO.
Send for Patent Stow Motion. Registers 2,000 Revolutions.

BOSTON, MASS
Circular.
Tubular & Firebo: BOILERS
on hand for immedi-ate delivery. CHAN DLER & TAYLOR CO. INDIANAPOLIS.IND.

ENGINES & BOILERS
Stationary & Semi-Portable. 8 to 25 HORSEPOWER, Eigh in Grade. Low in Price. Send for Pamphlet.
The W.C.LEFFEL CO. Greenmonnt Ave., Springfield, 0.

MANUFACTURERS E—WA IC9 OF IMPROVED'
' STEAM ENGINES 4 G N FULL. E a TT ARKAEENT sF R ❑MPLETE F RLANTS.

FRICK COMPANY, "' ECLIPSE COWSS ENGINES,

(Tandem Compound.)
40 TO 2,000 H. P., ALL STYLEb. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. ALSO BUILDERS OF
Electric High Speed Engines and Ice-Making and Refrigerating Machinery.

PHOENIX IRON WORKS CO.
111111t111,1,1,11,1i111,1ilio, - Horizontal Tubular and Manning Vertical. Boilers.

WESTON
HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS COMPLETE POWER PLANTS..

AUHT811-1VINECEDE NGINES
onnommimumin..

• MEADVILLE, PA. New York, 15 Cortlandt St Chicago, 418 Chamber of Commerce. Sole Manufacturers of the 110k Church" Automatic Cut-off Lime Male, Tandem Compound, and Triple Expansion, __ �mnmiowuuWwwr
WESTON ENGINE CO.; PAINTED POST, N. Y.
REPRESENTATIVES. JULIAN SCHOLL & CO., 126 Liberty St., N. Y. GEO. D. HOFFIIIAN, 82 Lake St., Chicago. H. H. 8C1PLE & CO., 3d & Arch St.., Phila., Pa,
1G GA I A i S A -0 NGINES LE,TANDEMANDCR055 No other engine lvt,5 a. perfectly bo.liNneed v 1ve. COMPOUNDS
T1-e engine 31%8,11 not- rum orte revolution slower II' It 1\em fully lott,ded than when running erripty►nd a, reduc-bon of boilerpressure from the greoktest to that neces5b.Yi to do the worK,will not reduce the speed of engine one r'evoilltion..Arky engine ft,iling to meet this guarantee

becomes the property of the purchaser upon. pes.y-rnerst of one dollar.- Send for CeNtes.locue. 141 Liberty St. 144 k. J. H .PIc EWEN ivirG.0 Bilm\cl\Offico, 412 Wb.s miStON,Ave.5 .Louis,rto, 1'1DOWAY, PA.
TAYLOR ENGINE COMPANY
SINGLE AND COMPOUND
II !11 1 11:4
CHAMBERSBURC, PH.

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

THE STANDARD REVOLUTIONS COUNTER A. B. PITKIN MACHINERY CO.
PROVIDENCE, R. I Send for

BOSTON, MASS
Patent Ston Motion.
Circular.
Registers 2,000 Revolutions. Greenmonnt Ave., Springfield, 0.
.14,1,111:111111iwiiinthwr
111-1A IN Li L ri OG I Y

ENGINES 86 BOILERS Stationary .t Semi-Portable. 8 to 25 HORSE-POWER. fligh in Grade. Low in Price. Send for Pamphlet. The W. C. LEFFEL CO.
CONOVER CONDENSERS. BELT AND STEAM DRIVEN.
Compound Ctndensing Corliss Engine on Independent Condenser. HANDSOME CATALOCUE FREE. THE CONOVER MFG. CO., 95 Liberty SLILY.
IF YOU WISH TO OMPAIN
ry
BELT
Kevo u y engine 6.1 mg to me- I becomes the property of the purchaser upon. pa,y-ment- of one dollar• Send for Ceteiloo'ue. I Li mr= 1311\c,k0ificqs, 141 Liberty /New Yi3rk.N.Y LWEN MFG. 0 412 Wbbs indsfoNAve.5 .1..ouis,P1o, NIDOWAY, PA.

TAYLOR ENGINE COMPANY,
SINGLE AND COMPOUND
AUTOMATIC ENGINES.
BRANCH OFFICES: 165 Washington St., N. Y. I 28 W. Randolph St., Chicag, 46 N. 7th St., Philadelphia. 99 1st Ave., Pittsburgh. 77 Haverhill St., Boston. 179 Race St., Cincinnati.
Stennti
Write Postal for copy of our New Book, " How to Obtain Dry Steam." Mailed free.
THE POND ENGINEERING CO. Offices : ST. I.40-ITIS, CHICAGO, ' KANSAS CITE .

CHAMBERSBURC, PH.
WIRE ROPE

BOOM AND UM PLANTS
For Coal Mines, &c., a Specialty. OVER 100 NOW RUNNING SUCCESSFULLY.
Gum-lined Sheaves, Coal Crushers, Narrow Gauge Locomotives. J. & J. B. MILHOLLAND, 240 Fifth Avenue, PITTSBURGH, PA,

The HOPPES Live-Steam Feei-Water Purifier,
Guaranteed to Prevent Scale in Boilers. Using any kind of water. Hard Sheet Steel Troughs. Easily Cleaned. HOPPES MANUFACTURING CO., Send for Catalogue D. SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.
WARLES 7SAilRRAY-' ENGRAVER ON WIII:3117 SS 'ANN' Nm*-Y761:zic-

THE
LACKAWANNA GREASE CUP
Has a wide reputation as the CLEANEST, MOST EFFECT-IVE and MOST ECONOMICAL device on the market for the lubrication of machinery bear-ings. Liberal Discount to the Trade.
MANUFACTURED BY tackawana Lubricating Co., SCRANTON, PA.
ENGINE CAS'NGS 1 AND 2 HORSE POWER High Speed, Upright, Horizontal, Marine. ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET FREE. A. L. WEED & CO., 106-108 Liberty St., N. Y.
ROCK DRILLS AND AIR COMPRESSORS. 111K•
AIR COMPRESSORS WITH COMPOUND AIR CYLINDERS, AND COMPOUND STEAM CYL-INDERS WITH MEYER OR COR. LISS VALVES. RAND DRILL CO., 23 Park Place, NEW YORK, U. S. A. BRANCH OFFICES Monadnock Building, Chicago ; Ishpeming, Mich.; 131618th St. Denver ; Sher-brooke, P. Q. Canada ; Apartado 830, Mexico City.
ENGINEERING CO NICETOWN. PHILA. 49 DEY ST.. NEW YORK.
Elevators, Conveyors, Manila Rope Power Transmission Machinery, Ewart Detachable Link Belting, Dodge Chain, Howe Chain, etc. Western Connection, Link-Belt Machinery Co., Chicago, Ill.

PATENT OILERS CYLINDER SIG HT FEED CUPS. Government Regulation 12° (31:' SAFETY For Stationary, Marine and Locomotive Boilers.
J. E. LONERGAN & CO
BRASS FOUNDERS AND • FINISHERS, •9 211 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. CATALOCUE FREE ON APPLICATION.

eeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee

pg-20 top

AMERICAN MACHINIST MAY 8, 1886---pg-20---

BROWN I SHARPE MFG. CO LIADVIDDISTCU, R. I.

IN STOCK, NEW SIZES OF MILLING CUT
c, The PRATT & WHITNEY CO., Harfford,-Conn.
DROP HAMMERS, Punching and r....inuning Presses, Forging and Trimming Dies. Die-Sinking Machines, Hand Bolt Heading Machines. ROLL GROOVING MACHINES FOR FLOUR MILL USE. Spiral Shear Punches, Solid Adjustable and Opening Die

AND END MILLS.Complete List of STOCK CUTTERS. 784 Kinds and Sizes Mailed on Application.
MACHINE TOOLS ON EXHIBITION AT
23 South Canal St., CHICAGO, ILL. S. A. SMITH, Western Representative.
NILES TOOL WORKS, 13.AIVII311_41rOINT, OHIO.
MACHINE TOOLS. SCREW MACHINES. For making all kinds of Set Screws, Tap Screws and Studs. W.411 do the work of three or four small lathes and turn it out in better shape. Send for spe-cial catalogue fully describing machines and illustrating sam-ples of work done. kinds equipped complete. Corre-
No. 3 SCREW
MACHINE. Machine Shops of spondence solicited. NEW YORK,
136 &.138 LIBERTY ST. CHICAGO, PHENIX BLDG.
PITTSBURGH, LEWIS BLOCK. INCREASED SALES
Show that our customers appreciate the value of improvements made in JENKINS PACKING. It can be used again and again. Does not ROT or BURN out. Have you tried it recently ? If not, DO SO I Look for " Trade Mark." JENKINS BROS., New York Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago.
Description and Prices Furnished on Application.

BILLINGS' PATENT COMMUTATOR BARS
FOR GENERATORS AND MOTORS Drop-Forged from One Piece of Unalloyed ,pper°
THE BILLINGS & SPENCER CO.,
Hartford, Corm.
WARNER & SWASEY, THE ETIOPOLITAN AUTOMATIC MOTOR CLEVELAND, • lu OHIO.

OPERATED Entirely I by One Handle. OMER For IRON and BRASS WORK. Illustrated Catalogue on application. and Prices furnished The Most Successful Injector Made. ANYONE CAN OPERATE THEM.

Every engineer can repair the injector without 4:4 sending it to the manufacturers. Carried in stock by the Largest Supply Houses in the U. S. Western Agent, CRANE CO., CHICAGO. JENKINS BROS., New York, Southern Agents. &) The Hayden & Derby Mfg. Co.,SOLE MANUFACTURERS, NO. 111 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK.

hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee

BROWN I SHARPE MFG. CO LIADVIDDISTCU, R. I. IN STOCK, NEW SIZES OF MILLING CUT
The PRATT & WHITNEY CO., Harfford,-Conn.
DROP HAmmers, Punching and r....inuning Presses, Forging and Trimming Dies. Die-Sinking Machines, Hand Bolt Heading Machines. ROLL GROOVING MACHINES FOR FLOUR MILL USE. Spiral Shear Punches, Solid Adjustable and Opening Die Bolt Cutters.

No. 3 SCREW MACHINE. Machine Shops of spondence solicited. NEW YORK,
136 &.138 LIBERTY ST. CHICAGO, PHENIX BLDG. PITTSBURGH, LEWIS BLOCK. INCREASED SALES
Show that our customers appreciate the value of improvements made in JENKINS PACKING. It can be used again and again. Does not ROT or BURN out. Have you tried it recently ? If not, DO SO I Look for " Trade Mark." JENKINS BROS., New York Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago. Description and Prices Furnished on Application.

BILLINGS' PATENT COMMUTATOR BARS FOR GENERATORS AND MOTORS Drop-Forged from One Piece of Unalloyed
THE BILLINGS & SPENCER CO.,
Hartford, Corm.
WARNER & SWASEY, THE ETIOPOLITAN AUTOMATIC MOTOR
Tr: mi CLEVELAND, • lu OHIO.

OPERATED Entirely I by One Handle.
For IRON and BRASS WORE. Illustrated Catalogue on application.

z z 0 0 If)
and Prices furnished
OVERFLO
The Most Successful Injector Made. ANYONE CAN OPERATE THEM.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS, NO. 111 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK.

********************************************************************************************

href

*********************************************************************************